nvr-20240630

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission File Number: 1-12378

NVR, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Virginia						54-1394360
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

11700 Plaza America Drive, Suite 500

Reston, Virginia 20190

(703) 956-4000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share

NVR

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 31, 2024 there were 3,077,593 shares of common stock outstanding.

NVR, Inc.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1

Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	5
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk	33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33


PART II	OTHER INFORMATION	34
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
Item 5.	Other Events	34
Item 6.	Exhibits	35

	SIGNATURE	36

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements


NVR, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(unaudited)

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Homebuilding:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,438,473	$	3,126,472
Restricted cash	46,218		41,483
Receivables	35,491		29,000
Inventory:
Lots and housing units, covered under sales agreements with customers	1,927,451		1,674,686
Unsold lots and housing units	229,319		214,666
Land under development	61,512		36,895
Building materials and other	26,137		23,903
	2,244,419		1,950,150

Contract land deposits, net	646,341		576,551
Property, plant and equipment, net	79,057		63,716
Operating lease right-of-use assets	73,345		70,384
Reorganization value in excess of amounts allocable to identifiable assets, net	41,580		41,580
Other assets	258,172		242,751
	5,863,096		6,142,087
Mortgage Banking:
Cash and cash equivalents	31,123		36,422
Restricted cash	13,132		11,067
Mortgage loans held for sale, net	392,943		222,560
Property and equipment, net	7,069		6,348
Operating lease right-of-use assets	20,758		23,541
Reorganization value in excess of amounts allocable to identifiable assets, net	7,347		7,347
Other assets	71,820		152,385
	544,192		459,670
Total assets	$	6,407,288	$	6,601,757

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.


NVR, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(unaudited)

	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Homebuilding:
Accounts payable	$	421,457	$	347,738
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	405,338		413,043
Customer deposits	369,274		334,441
Operating lease liabilities	78,563		75,797
Senior notes	912,078		913,027
	2,186,710		2,084,046
Mortgage Banking:
Accounts payable and other liabilities	63,960		127,511
Operating lease liabilities	22,710		25,475
	86,670		152,986
Total liabilities	2,273,380		2,237,032

Commitments and contingencies

Shareholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 60,000,000 shares authorized; 20,555,330 shares issued as of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	206		206
Additional paid-in capital	2,935,053		2,848,528
Deferred compensation trust – 106,697 shares of NVR, Inc. common stock as of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	(16,710)		(16,710)
Deferred compensation liability	16,710		16,710
Retained earnings	14,160,198		13,365,025
Less treasury stock at cost – 17,465,064 and 17,360,454 shares as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	(12,961,549)		(11,849,034)
Total shareholders' equity	4,133,908		4,364,725
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	6,407,288	$	6,601,757

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NVR, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Homebuilding:
Revenues	$	2,547,891	$	2,283,769	$	4,834,068	$	4,415,102
Other income	36,184		34,259		77,050		67,205
Cost of sales	(1,947,616)		(1,728,146)		(3,673,829)		(3,336,056)
Selling, general and administrative	(141,213)		(148,543)		(293,716)		(292,161)
Operating income	495,246		441,339		943,573		854,090
Interest expense	(6,710)		(6,628)		(13,359)		(13,629)
Homebuilding income	488,536		434,711		930,214		840,461

Mortgage Banking:
Mortgage banking fees	64,566		54,561		111,852		101,505
Interest income	4,672		3,823		8,764		6,841
Other income	1,333		1,102		2,504		2,091
General and administrative	(25,351)		(22,854)		(48,709)		(45,488)
Interest expense	(188)		(167)		(365)		(424)
Mortgage banking income	45,032		36,465		74,046		64,525

Income before taxes	533,568		471,176		1,004,260		904,986
Income tax expense	(132,664)		(67,149)		(209,087)		(156,607)

Net income	$	400,904	$	404,027	$	795,173	$	748,379

Basic earnings per share	$	128.21	$	123.84	$	251.94	$	230.20

Diluted earnings per share	$	120.69	$	116.54	$	237.05	$	216.52

Basic weighted average shares outstanding	3,127		3,263		3,156		3,251

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	3,322		3,467		3,355		3,456

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NVR, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	795,173	$	748,379
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	8,737		8,405
Equity-based compensation expense	35,242		47,436
Contract land deposit recoveries, net	(8,791)		(9,999)
Gain on sale of loans, net	(91,861)		(81,131)
Mortgage loans closed	(2,910,238)		(2,620,507)
Mortgage loans sold and principal payments on mortgage loans held for sale	2,834,526		2,542,359
Distribution of earnings from unconsolidated joint ventures	1,500		2,000
Net change in assets and liabilities:
Increase in inventory	(294,269)		(231,814)
Increase in contract land deposits	(60,999)		(10,630)
Decrease in receivables	49,473		4,183
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses	(5,072)		(89,815)
Increase in customer deposits	34,833		54,959
Other, net	(9,104)		(19,621)
Net cash provided by operating activities	379,150		344,204

Cash flows from investing activities:
Investments in and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures	(899)		(1,224)
Distribution of capital from unconsolidated joint ventures	2,715		180
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(15,411)		(11,448)
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment	2,450		2,039
Net cash used in investing activities	(11,145)		(10,453)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase of treasury stock	(1,135,912)		(311,125)


Principal payments on finance lease liabilities	(1,055)		(811)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	82,464		161,724
Net cash used in financing activities	(1,054,503)		(150,212)

Net (decrease) increase in cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents	(686,498)		183,539
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents, beginning of the period	3,215,444		2,574,518

Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents, end of the period	$	2,528,946	$	2,758,057

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid during the period, net of interest capitalized	$	14,424	$	14,781
Income taxes paid during the period, net of refunds	$	164,007	$	262,608

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

1. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited, condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of NVR, Inc. (“NVR”, the “Company”, "we", "us" or "our") and its subsidiaries and certain other entities in which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary (see Notes 2 and 3 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Because the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP, they should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals except as otherwise noted herein) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2024.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, comprehensive income equaled net income; therefore, a separate statement of comprehensive income is not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

Homebuilding revenue is recognized on the settlement date at the contract sales price, when control is transferred to our customers. Our contract liabilities, which consist of deposits received from customers on homes not settled, were $369,274 and $334,441 as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We expect that substantially all of the customer deposits held as of December 31, 2023 will be recognized in revenue in 2024. Our contract assets consist of prepaid sales compensation and totaled approximately $25,300 and $17,900 as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Prepaid sales compensation is included in homebuilding “Other assets” on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." The amendments in the ASU require disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation and for the entity to provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. The ASU will be effective for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The amendments in the ASU are to be applied on a prospective basis and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2023-09 and do not expect it to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." The amendments in the ASU are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments also expand interim segment disclosure requirements. The ASU will be effective for our fiscal year ending December 31, 2024 and for interim periods starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2025. The

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

amendments in this ASU are required to be applied on a retrospective basis and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2023-07 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2. Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs")

Fixed Price Finished Lot Purchase Agreements (“LPAs”)

We generally do not engage in the land development business. Instead, we typically acquire finished building lots at market prices from various development entities under LPAs. The LPAs require deposits that may be forfeited if we fail to perform under the LPAs. The deposits required under the LPAs are in the form of cash or letters of credit in varying amounts, and typically range up to 10% of the aggregate purchase price of the finished lots.

The deposit placed by us pursuant to the LPA is deemed to be a variable interest in the respective development entities. Those development entities are deemed to be VIEs. Therefore, the development entities with which we enter into LPAs, including the joint venture limited liability corporations discussed below, are evaluated for possible consolidation by us. We have concluded that we are not the primary beneficiary of the development entities with which we enter into LPAs, and therefore, we do not consolidate any of these VIEs.

As of June 30, 2024, we controlled approximately 142,300 lots under LPAs with third parties through deposits in cash and letters of credit totaling approximately $673,900 and $10,400, respectively. Our sole legal obligation and economic loss for failure to perform under these LPAs is limited to the amount of the deposit pursuant to the liquidated damage provisions contained in the LPAs and, in very limited circumstances, specific performance obligations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded a net expense reversal of approximately $1,300 and $8,800, respectively, related to previously impaired lot deposits based on current market conditions. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded a net expense reversal of approximately $6,900 and $10,000, respectively, related to previously impaired lot deposits. Our contract land deposit asset is shown net of a $44,607 and $53,397 impairment reserve as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

In addition, we have certain properties under contract with land owners that are expected to yield approximately 30,400 lots, which are not included in the number of total lots controlled. Some of these properties may require rezoning or other approvals to achieve the expected yield. These properties are controlled with cash deposits totaling approximately $17,000 as of June 30, 2024, of which approximately $4,300 is refundable if certain contractual conditions are not met. We generally expect to assign the raw land contracts to a land developer and simultaneously enter into an LPA with the assignee if the project is determined to be feasible.

Our total risk of loss related to contract land deposits is limited to the amount of the deposits pursuant to the liquidated damages provision of the LPAs. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our total risk of loss was as follows:


	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract land deposits	$	690,948	$	629,948
Loss reserve on contract land deposits	(44,607)		(53,397)
Contract land deposits, net	646,341		576,551
Contingent obligations in the form of letters of credit	10,430		7,769
Total risk of loss	$	656,771	$	584,320

3. Joint Ventures

On a limited basis, we obtain finished lots using joint venture limited liability corporations (“JVs”). The JVs are typically structured such that we are a non-controlling member and are at risk only for the amount we have invested, or have committed to invest, in addition to any deposits placed under LPAs with the joint venture. We are

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

not a borrower, guarantor or obligor on any debt of the JVs, as applicable. We enter into LPAs to purchase lots from these JVs, and as a result have a variable interest in these JVs. We determined that we are not the primary beneficiary in any of the JVs because we and the other JV partner either share power or the other JV partner has the controlling financial interest.

As of June 30, 2024, we had an aggregate investment totaling approximately $27,100 in four JVs that are expected to produce approximately 5,150 finished lots, of which approximately 4,800 lots were controlled by us and the remaining approximately 350 lots were either under contract with unrelated parties or not currently under contract. We had additional funding commitments totaling approximately $10,600 to one of the JVs as of June 30, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, our aggregate investment in JVs totaled approximately $29,200. Investments in JVs for the respective periods are reported in the homebuilding "Other assets" line item on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. None of the JVs had any indicators of impairment as of June 30, 2024.

We recognize income from the JVs as a reduction to the lot cost of the lots purchased from the respective JVs when the homes are settled, based on the expected total profitability and the total number of lots expected to be produced by the respective JVs.

We classify distributions received from unconsolidated JVs using the cumulative earnings approach. As a result, distributions received up to the amount of cumulative earnings recognized by us are reported as distributions of earnings and those in excess of that amount are reported as a distribution of capital. These distributions are classified within the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as cash flows from operating activities and investing activities, respectively.

4. Land Under Development

On a limited basis, we directly acquire raw land parcels already zoned for its intended use to develop into finished lots. Land under development includes the land acquisition costs, direct improvement costs, capitalized interest, where applicable, and real estate taxes. During the first quarter of 2024, we purchased a raw land parcel for approximately $20,000, which is expected to produce approximately 850 lots.

As of June 30, 2024, we owned land with a carrying value of $61,512 that will be developed into approximately 2,600 finished lots. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying value of land under development was $36,895. None of the raw parcels had any indicators of impairment as of June 30, 2024.

5. Capitalized Interest

We capitalize interest costs to land under development during the active development of finished lots. In addition, we capitalize interest costs on our JV investments while the investments are considered qualified assets pursuant to ASC Topic 835-20 - Interest. Capitalized interest is transferred to sold or unsold inventory as the development of finished lots is completed, then charged to cost of sales upon our settlement of homes and the respective lots. Interest incurred in excess of the interest capitalizable based on the level of qualified assets is expensed in the period incurred.

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

The following table reflects the changes in our capitalized interest during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest capitalized, beginning of period	$	182	$	205	$	151	$	570
Interest incurred	6,962		6,822		13,841		13,826
Interest charged to interest expense	(6,898)		(6,795)		(13,724)		(14,053)
Interest charged to cost of sales	(40)		(43)		(62)		(154)
Interest capitalized, end of period	$	206	$	189	$	206	$	189

6. Earnings per Share

The following weighted average shares and share equivalents were used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used to calculate basic EPS	3,126,831	3,262,529	3,156,247	3,250,960
Dilutive securities:
Stock options and restricted share units	194,823	204,407	198,272	205,446
Weighted average number of shares and share equivalents outstanding used to calculate diluted EPS	3,321,654	3,466,936	3,354,519	3,456,406

The following non-qualified stock options ("Options") and restricted stock units ("RSUs") issued under equity incentive plans were outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.


	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Anti-dilutive securities	4,864	14,610	4,894	175,338

7. Shareholders’ Equity

A summary of changes in shareholders’ equity for the three months ended June 30, 2024 is presented below:


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Deferred Compensation Trust		Deferred Compensation Liability		Total
Balance, March 31, 2024	$	206	$	2,905,707	$	13,759,294	$	(12,320,826)	$	(16,710)	$	16,710	$	4,344,381

Net income	—		—		400,904		—		—		—		400,904

Purchase of common stock for treasury	—		—		—		(644,920)		—		—		(644,920)
Equity-based compensation	—		18,101		—		—		—		—		18,101
Proceeds from Options exercised	—		15,442		—		—		—		—		15,442
Treasury stock issued upon Option exercise	—		(4,197)		—		4,197		—		—		—
Balance, June 30, 2024	$	206	$	2,935,053	$	14,160,198	$	(12,961,549)	$	(16,710)	$	16,710	$	4,133,908

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

A summary of changes in shareholders’ equity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 is presented below:


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Deferred Compensation Trust		Deferred Compensation Liability		Total
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	206	$	2,848,528	$	13,365,025	$	(11,849,034)	$	(16,710)	$	16,710	$	4,364,725

Net income	—		—		795,173		—		—		—		795,173

Purchase of common stock for treasury	—		—		—		(1,143,696)		—		—		(1,143,696)
Equity-based compensation	—		35,242		—		—		—		—		35,242
Proceeds from Options exercised	—		82,464		—		—		—		—		82,464
Treasury stock issued upon Option exercise and RSU vesting	—		(31,181)		—		31,181		—		—		—
Balance, June 30, 2024	$	206	$	2,935,053	$	14,160,198	$	(12,961,549)	$	(16,710)	$	16,710	$	4,133,908

We repurchased 83,168 and 150,026 shares of our outstanding common stock during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively. We settle Option exercises and vesting of RSUs by issuing shares of treasury stock. We issued 5,809 and 44,786 shares from the treasury account during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, in settlement of Option exercises and vesting of RSUs. Shares are relieved from the treasury account based on the weighted average cost basis of treasury shares.

A summary of changes in shareholders’ equity for the three months ended June 30, 2023 is presented below:


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Deferred Compensation Trust		Deferred Compensation Liability		Total
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	206	$	2,676,641	$	12,117,766	$	(10,949,267)	$	(16,710)	$	16,710	$	3,845,346


Net income	—		—		404,027		—		—		—		404,027

Purchase of common stock for treasury	—		—		—		(201,077)		—		—		(201,077)
Equity-based compensation	—		25,159		—		—		—		—		25,159
Proceeds from Options exercised	—		79,808		—		—		—		—		79,808
Treasury stock issued upon Option exercise	—		(33,921)		—		33,921		—		—		—
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	206	$	2,747,687	$	12,521,793	$	(11,116,423)	$	(16,710)	$	16,710	$	4,153,263

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

A summary of changes in shareholders’ equity for the six months ended June 30, 2023 is presented below:


	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Deferred Compensation Trust		Deferred Compensation Liability		Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	206	$	2,600,014	$	11,773,414	$	(10,866,785)	$	(16,710)	$	16,710	$	3,506,849


Net income	—		—		748,379		—		—		—		748,379

Purchase of common stock for treasury	—		—		—		(311,125)		—		—		(311,125)
Equity-based compensation	—		47,436		—		—		—		—		47,436
Proceeds from Options exercised	—		161,724		—		—		—		—		161,724
Treasury stock issued upon Option exercise	—		(61,487)		—		61,487		—		—		—
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	206	$	2,747,687	$	12,521,793	$	(11,116,423)	$	(16,710)	$	16,710	$	4,153,263

We repurchased 34,827 and 56,001 shares of our outstanding common stock during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. We issued 53,615 and 97,556 shares from the treasury account during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, in settlement of Option exercises.

8. Product Warranties

We establish warranty and product liability reserves (“Warranty Reserve”) to provide for estimated future expenses as a result of construction and product defects, product recalls and litigation incidental to our homebuilding business. Liability estimates are determined based on management’s judgment, considering such factors as historical experience, the estimated current cost of corrective action, manufacturers’ and subcontractors’ participation in sharing the cost of corrective action, consultations with third party experts such as engineers, and discussions with our general counsel and outside counsel retained to handle specific product liability cases.

The following table reflects the changes in our Warranty Reserve during the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Warranty reserve, beginning of period	$	143,129	$	144,431	$	146,283	$	144,006
Provision	23,273		22,312		42,221		43,582
Payments	(23,061)		(24,323)		(45,163)		(45,168)
Warranty reserve, end of period	$	143,341	$	142,420	$	143,341	$	142,420

9. Segment Disclosures

We disclose four homebuilding reportable segments that aggregate geographically our homebuilding operating segments, and we present our mortgage banking operations as one reportable segment. The homebuilding

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

reportable segments are comprised of operating divisions in the following geographic areas:


Mid Atlantic:						Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware and Washington, D.C.
North East:						New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania
Mid East:						New York, Ohio, Western Pennsylvania, Indiana and Illinois
South East:						North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Florida, Georgia and Kentucky

Homebuilding profit before tax includes all revenues and income generated from the sale of homes, less the cost of homes sold, selling, general and administrative expenses and a corporate capital allocation charge. The corporate capital allocation charge is eliminated in consolidation and is based on the segment’s average net assets employed. The corporate capital allocation charged to the operating segment allows the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to determine whether the operating segment’s results are providing the desired rate of return after covering our cost of capital.

Assets not allocated to the operating segments are not included in either the operating segment’s corporate capital allocation charge or the CODM’s evaluation of the operating segment’s performance. We record charges on contract land deposits when it is determined that it is probable that recovery of the deposit is impaired. For segment reporting purposes, impairments on contract land deposits are generally charged to the operating segment upon the termination of an LPA with the developer, or the restructuring of an LPA resulting in the forfeiture of the deposit. Mortgage banking profit before tax consists of revenues generated from mortgage financing, title insurance and closing services, less the costs of such services and general and administrative costs. Mortgage banking operations are not charged a corporate capital allocation charge.

In addition to the corporate capital allocation and contract land deposit impairments discussed above, the other reconciling items between segment profit and consolidated profit before tax include unallocated corporate overhead (including all management incentive compensation), equity-based compensation expense, consolidation adjustments and external corporate interest expense. Our overhead functions such as accounting, treasury and human resources are centrally performed and these costs are not allocated to our operating segments. Consolidation adjustments consist of such items necessary to convert the reportable segments’ results, which are predominantly maintained on a cash basis, to a full accrual basis for external financial statement presentation purposes, and are not allocated to our operating segments. External corporate interest expense primarily consists of interest charges on our 3.00% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Senior Notes”), which are not charged to the operating segments because the charges are included in the corporate capital allocation discussed above.

The following tables present segment revenues, profit and assets with reconciliations to the amounts reported for the consolidated enterprise, where applicable:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues:
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic	$	1,133,685	$	1,058,794	$	2,151,155	$	1,999,942
Homebuilding North East	287,334		232,926		543,004		416,356
Homebuilding Mid East	433,996		411,682		850,947		814,079
Homebuilding South East	692,876		580,367		1,288,962		1,184,725
Mortgage Banking	64,566		54,561		111,852		101,505
Total consolidated revenues	$	2,612,457	$	2,338,330	$	4,945,920	$	4,516,607

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Income before taxes:
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic	$	209,166	$	195,254	$	399,130	$	354,292
Homebuilding North East	54,372		44,932		101,229		76,992
Homebuilding Mid East	63,588		61,756		129,989		118,224
Homebuilding South East	94,442		106,648		185,847		232,058
Mortgage Banking	46,234		37,843		75,890		67,270
Total segment profit before taxes	467,802		446,433		892,085		848,836
Reconciling items:
Contract land deposit reserve adjustment (1)	1,325		6,888		8,791		10,479
Equity-based compensation expense (2)	(18,101)		(25,159)		(35,242)		(47,436)
Corporate capital allocation (3)	82,494		72,617		159,555		141,691
Unallocated corporate overhead	(33,816)		(46,360)		(85,520)		(92,325)
Consolidation adjustments and other	6,363		(9,998)		4,092		(5,999)
Corporate interest expense	(6,670)		(6,589)		(13,265)		(13,543)
Corporate interest income	34,171		33,344		73,764		63,283
Reconciling items sub-total	65,766		24,743		112,175		56,150
Consolidated income before taxes	$	533,568	$	471,176	$	1,004,260	$	904,986

(1)This item represents changes to the contract land deposit impairment reserve, which are not allocated to the reportable segments. See further discussion of lot deposit impairment charges in Note 2.

(2)The decrease in equity-based compensation expense for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was primarily attributable to the Options and RSUs issued as part of the 2018 four-year block grant being fully vested as of December 31, 2023.

(3)This item represents the elimination of the corporate capital allocation charge included in the respective homebuilding reportable segments. The corporate capital allocation charge is based on the segment’s monthly average asset balance, and was as follows for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Corporate capital allocation charge:
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic	$	34,978	$	35,337	$	68,897	$	68,516
Homebuilding North East	10,298		8,272		19,878		15,597
Homebuilding Mid East	11,055		9,819		20,920		19,479
Homebuilding South East	26,163		19,189		49,860		38,099
Total	$	82,494	$	72,617	$	159,555	$	141,691

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)


	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets:
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic	$	1,349,090	$	1,252,360
Homebuilding North East	375,447		314,904
Homebuilding Mid East	433,214		368,154
Homebuilding South East	944,560		796,505
Mortgage Banking	536,845		452,323
Total segment assets	3,639,156		3,184,246
Reconciling items:
Cash and cash equivalents	2,438,473		3,126,472
Deferred taxes	152,359		148,005
Intangible assets and goodwill	49,368		49,368
Operating lease right-of-use assets	73,345		70,384
Finance lease right-of-use assets	29,838		13,310
Contract land deposit reserve	(44,607)		(53,397)
Consolidation adjustments and other	69,356		63,369
Reconciling items sub-total	2,768,132		3,417,511
Consolidated assets	$	6,407,288	$	6,601,757

10. Fair Value

GAAP assigns a fair value hierarchy to the inputs used to measure fair value. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted market prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs.

Financial Instruments

The estimated fair values of our Senior Notes as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $795,816 and $803,646, respectively. The estimated fair value is based on recent market prices of similar transactions, which is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The carrying values as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $912,078 and $913,027, respectively.

Due to the short term nature of our cash equivalents, we believe that insignificant differences exist between their carrying value and fair value.

Derivative Instruments and Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

In the normal course of business, our wholly-owned mortgage subsidiary, NVR Mortgage Finance, Inc. (“NVRM”), enters into contractual commitments to extend credit to our homebuyers with fixed expiration dates. The commitments become effective when the borrowers "lock-in" a specified interest rate within time frames established by NVRM. All mortgagors are evaluated for credit worthiness prior to the extension of the commitment. Market risk arises if interest rates move adversely between the time of the "lock-in" of rates by the borrower and the sale date of the loan to an investor. To mitigate the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments to borrowers, NVRM enters into optional or mandatory delivery forward sale contracts to sell whole loans and mortgage-backed securities to investors. The forward sales contracts lock-in a range of interest rates and prices for the sale of loans similar to the specific rate lock commitments. NVRM does not engage in speculative derivative activities. Both the rate lock commitments to borrowers and the forward sale contracts to investors are undesignated derivatives and, accordingly, are marked to fair value through earnings. As of June 30, 2024, there were contractual commitments to extend credit to borrowers aggregating $2,485,351 and

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

open forward delivery contracts aggregating $2,476,295, which hedge both the rate lock commitments and closed loans held for sale.

The fair value of NVRM’s rate lock commitments to borrowers and the related input levels include, as applicable:

i)the assumed gain/loss of the expected resultant loan sale (Level 2);

ii)the effects of interest rate movements between the date of the rate lock and the balance sheet date (Level 2); and

iii)the value of the servicing rights associated with the loan (Level 2).

The assumed gain/loss considers the excess servicing to be received or buydown fees to be paid upon securitization of the loan. The excess servicing and buydown fees are calculated pursuant to contractual terms with investors. To calculate the effects of interest rate movements, NVRM utilizes applicable published mortgage-backed security prices, and multiplies the price movement between the rate lock date and the balance sheet date by the notional loan commitment amount. NVRM sells almost all of its loans on a servicing released basis, and receives a servicing released premium upon sale. Thus, the value of the servicing rights is included in the fair value measurement and is based upon contractual terms with investors and varies depending on the loan type. NVRM assumes a fallout rate when measuring the fair value of rate lock commitments. Fallout is defined as locked loan commitments for which NVRM does not close a mortgage loan and is based on historical experience.

The fair value of NVRM’s forward sales contracts to investors solely considers the market price movement of the same type of security between the trade date and the balance sheet date (Level 2). The market price changes are multiplied by the notional amount of the forward sales contracts to measure the fair value.

Mortgage loans held for sale are recorded at fair value when closed, and thereafter are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, net of deferred origination costs, until sold. Fair value is measured using Level 2 inputs. As of June 30, 2024, the fair value of loans held for sale of $392,943 included on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet was increased by $6,367 from the aggregate principal balance of $386,576. As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of loans held for sale of $222,560 was increased by $6,349 from the aggregate principal balance of $216,211.

The fair value measurement of NVRM's undesignated derivative instruments was as follows:


	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Rate lock commitments:
Gross assets	$	45,257	$	61,150
Gross liabilities	7,934		168
Net rate lock commitments	$	37,323	$	60,982
Forward sales contracts:
Gross assets	$	5,676	$	8
Gross liabilities	3,834		18,305
Net forward sales contracts	$	1,842	$	(18,297)

As of June 30, 2024, the net rate lock commitments and the net forward sales contracts are reported in mortgage banking "Other assets," on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31,

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

2023, the net rate lock commitments are reported in mortgage banking "Other assets" and the net forward sales contracts are reported in mortgage banking "Accounts payable and other liabilities".

The fair value measurement as of June 30, 2024 was as follows:


	Notional or Principal Amount		Assumed Gain From Loan Sale		Interest Rate Movement Effect		Servicing Rights Value		Security Price Change		Total Fair Value Measurement
Rate lock commitments	$	2,485,351	$	10,553	$	(3,686)	$	30,456	$	—	$	37,323
Forward sales contracts	$	2,476,295	—		—		—		1,842		1,842
Mortgages held for sale	$	386,576	2,020		(937)		5,284		—		6,367
Total fair value measurement			$	12,573	$	(4,623)	$	35,740	$	1,842	$	45,532

The total fair value measurement as of December 31, 2023 was a net gain of $49,034. NVRM recorded a fair value adjustment to income of $668 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, and recorded a fair value adjustment to expense of $3,502 for the six months ended June 30, 2024. NVRM recorded a fair value adjustment to income of $301 and $42,489 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Unrealized gains/losses from the change in the fair value measurements are included in earnings as a component of mortgage banking fees in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income. The fair value measurement will be impacted in the future by the change in the value of the servicing rights, interest rate movements, security price fluctuations, and the volume and product mix of NVRM’s closed loans and locked loan commitments.

11. Debt

As of June 30, 2024, we had the following debt instruments outstanding:

Senior Notes

Our outstanding Senior Notes have an aggregate principal balance of $900,000, mature on May 15, 2030 and bear interest at 3.00%, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15. The Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with any of our existing and future unsecured senior indebtedness. The Senior Notes were issued in three separate issuances, $600,000 issued at a discount to yield 3.02%, and the two additional issuances totaling $300,000 issued at a premium to yield 2.00%. The Senior Notes have been reflected net of the unamortized discount or premium, as applicable, and the unamortized debt issuance costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes does not contain any financial covenants; however, it does contain, among other items, and subject to certain exceptions, covenants that restrict our ability to create, incur, assume or guarantee secured debt, enter into sale and leaseback transactions and conditions related to mergers and/or the sale of assets. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Senior Notes as of June 30, 2024.

Credit Agreement

We have an unsecured Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), which provides for aggregate revolving loan commitments of $300,000 (the “Facility”). Under the Credit Agreement, we may request increases of up to $300,000 to the Facility in the form of revolving loan commitments or term loans to the extent that new or existing lenders agree to provide additional revolving loan or term loan commitments. The Credit Agreement provides for a $100,000 sublimit for the issuance of letters of credit, of which approximately $16,100 was outstanding as of June 30, 2024. The Credit Agreement termination date is February 12, 2026. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Facility as of June 30, 2024.

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

Repurchase Agreement

NVRM provides for its mortgage origination and other operating activities using cash generated from its operations, borrowings from its parent company, NVR, as well as a revolving mortgage repurchase agreement (the “Repurchase Agreement”), which is non-recourse to NVR. The Repurchase Agreement provides for loan purchases up to $150,000, subject to certain sub-limits. Amounts outstanding under the Repurchase Agreement are collateralized by the Company’s mortgage loans held for sale.

Effective July 16, 2024, NVRM entered into the Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement with U.S. Bank National Association, as Agent and a Buyer (the "Amended MRA"), which extended the term of the Repurchase Agreement through July 14, 2025. All other terms and conditions under the Amended Repurchase Agreement remained materially consistent. As of June 30, 2024, there were no borrowing base limitations reducing the amount available under the Repurchase Agreement and there were no borrowings outstanding.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

We are involved in various litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, and based on advice of legal counsel, this litigation is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Legal costs incurred in connection with outstanding litigation are expensed as incurred.

13. Leases

We have operating leases for our corporate and division offices, production facilities, model homes, and certain office and production equipment. Additionally, we have finance leases for certain production equipment and facilities which are recorded in homebuilding "Property, plant and equipment, net" and "Accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our finance lease Right-of-use ("ROU") assets and finance lease liabilities were $29,838 and $31,767, respectively, as of June 30, 2024, and $13,310 and $14,965, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. Our leases have remaining lease terms of up to 16.2 years, some of which include options to extend the lease for up to 20 years, and some of which include options to terminate the lease.

We recognize operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have elected to use the portfolio approach for certain equipment leases which have similar lease terms and payment schedules. Additionally, for certain equipment we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Our sublease income is de minimis.

We have certain leases, primarily the leases of model homes, which have initial lease terms of twelve months or less ("Short-term leases"). We elected to exclude these leases from the recognition requirements under Topic 842, and these leases have not been included in our recognized ROU assets and lease liabilities.

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

The components of lease expense were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Lease expense
Operating lease expense	$	9,514	$	9,475	$	18,861	$	18,615
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of ROU assets	767		511		1,329		1,013
Interest on lease liabilities	239		105		352		211
Short-term lease expense	8,179		7,531		16,079		15,023

Total lease expense	$	18,699	$	17,622	$	36,621	$	34,862

Other information related to leases was as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024			2023
Supplemental Cash Flows Information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	7,802	$	7,420	$	15,313		$	14,736
Operating cash flows from finance leases	239		105		352			211
Financing cash flows from finance leases	593		411		1,055			811

ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	12,101	$	10,090	$	13,491		$	23,337
Finance leases	$	16,011	$	250	$	17,857		$	499


					June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years):
Operating leases					6.1			5.8
Finance leases					10.7			9.9

Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases					4.4		%	4.2		%
Finance leases					4.6		%	3.1		%

14. Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was 24.9% and 20.8%, respectively, compared to 14.3% and 17.3% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate in the three and six month periods of 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 was primarily attributable to a lower income tax benefit recognized for excess tax benefits from stock option exercises, which

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NVR, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

totaled $6,815 and $50,608 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $55,906 and $79,151 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Forward-Looking Statements

Some of the statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as statements made by us in periodic press releases or other public communications, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Certain, but not necessarily all, of such forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should” or “anticipates” or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology. All statements other than of historical facts are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this document may include those regarding market trends, our financial position and financial results, business strategy, the outcome of pending litigation, investigations or similar contingencies, projected plans and objectives of management for future operations. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results or performance to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such risk factors include, but are not limited to the following: general economic and business conditions (on both a national and regional level); interest rate changes; access to suitable financing by us and our customers; increased regulation in the mortgage banking industry; the ability of our mortgage banking subsidiary to sell loans it originates into the secondary market; competition; the availability and cost of land and other raw materials used by us in our homebuilding operations; shortages of labor; the economic impact of a major epidemic or pandemic; weather related slow-downs; building moratoriums; governmental regulation; fluctuation and volatility of stock and other financial markets; mortgage financing availability; and other factors over which we have little or no control. We undertake no obligation to update such forward-looking statements except as required by law. For additional information regarding risk factors, see Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “NVR,” “we,” “us,” or “our” include NVR and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Results of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

Business Environment and Current Outlook

Consistent with the first quarter of 2024, demand for new homes remained solid in the second quarter of 2024 despite continued affordability issues driven by high mortgage interest rates and home prices. New home demand continues to be favorably impacted by a limited supply of homes in the resale market; however, we expect that affordability issues, inflationary pressures, interest rate volatility and economic uncertainty may weigh on future demand. We also expect to continue to face cost pressures related to building materials, labor and land costs which will impact profit margins based on our ability to manage these costs while balancing sales pace and home prices. Although we are unable to predict the extent to which this will impact our operational and financial performance, we believe that we are well positioned to take advantage of opportunities that may arise from future economic and homebuilding market volatility due to the strength of our balance sheet and our disciplined lot acquisition strategy.

Business

Our primary business is the construction and sale of single-family detached homes, townhomes and condominiums, all of which are primarily constructed on a pre-sold basis. To fully serve customers of our homebuilding operations, we also operate a mortgage banking and title services business. We primarily conduct our operations in mature markets. Additionally, we generally grow our business through market share gains in our existing markets and by expanding into markets contiguous to our current active markets. Our four homebuilding reportable segments consist of the following regions:

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Mid Atlantic:						Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware and Washington, D.C.
North East:						New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania
Mid East:						New York, Ohio, Western Pennsylvania, Indiana and Illinois
South East:						North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Florida, Georgia and Kentucky

Our lot acquisition strategy is predicated upon avoiding the financial requirements and risks associated with direct land ownership and development. We generally do not engage in land development (see discussion below of our land development activities). Instead, we typically acquire finished building lots from various third party land developers pursuant to fixed price finished lot purchase agreements (“LPAs”). These LPAs require deposits, typically ranging up to 10% of the aggregate purchase price of the finished lots, in the form of cash or letters of credit that may be forfeited if we fail to perform under the LPA. This strategy has allowed us to maximize inventory turnover, which we believe enables us to minimize market risk and to operate with less capital, thereby enhancing rates of return on equity and total capital.

In addition to constructing homes primarily on a pre-sold basis and utilizing what we believe is a conservative lot acquisition strategy, we focus on obtaining and maintaining a leading market position in each market we serve. This strategy allows us to gain valuable efficiencies and competitive advantages in our markets, which we believe contributes to minimizing the adverse effects of regional economic cycles and provides growth opportunities within these markets. Our continued success is contingent upon our ability to control an adequate supply of finished lots on which to build.

In certain specific strategic circumstances we engage in joint venture arrangements with land developers or directly acquire raw ground already zoned for its intended use for development. Once we acquire control of raw ground, we determine whether to sell the raw parcel to a developer and enter into an LPA with the developer to purchase the finished lots or to hire a developer to develop the land on our behalf. While joint venture arrangements and direct land development activity are not our preferred method of acquiring finished building lots, we may enter into additional transactions in the future on a limited basis where there exists a compelling strategic or prudent financial reason to do so. We expect, however, to continue to acquire substantially all our finished lot inventory using LPAs with forfeitable deposits.

As of June 30, 2024, we controlled approximately 149,700 lots as described below.

Lot Purchase Agreements

We controlled approximately 142,300 lots under LPAs with third parties through deposits in cash and letters of credit totaling approximately $673,900 and $10,400, respectively. Included in the number of controlled lots are approximately 9,700 lots for which we have recorded a contract land deposit impairment reserve of approximately $44,600 as of June 30, 2024.

Joint Venture Limited Liability Corporations (“JVs”)

We had an aggregate investment totaling approximately $27,100 in four JVs, expected to produce approximately 5,150 lots. Of the lots to be produced by the JVs, approximately 4,800 lots were controlled by us and approximately 350 were either under contract with unrelated parties or currently not under contract. We had additional funding commitments totaling approximately $10,600 to one of the JVs as of June 30, 2024.

Land Under Development

We owned land with a carrying value of approximately $61,500 that will be developed into approximately 2,600 finished lots.

See Notes 2, 3 and 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included herein for additional information regarding LPAs, JVs and land under development, respectively.

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Raw Land Purchase Agreements

In addition, we have certain properties under contract with land owners that are expected to yield approximately 30,400 lots, which are not included in the number of total lots controlled. Some of these properties may require rezoning or other approvals to achieve the expected yield. As of June 30, 2024, these properties are controlled with deposits in cash totaling approximately $17,000, of which approximately $4,300 is refundable if certain contractual conditions are not met. We generally expect to assign the raw land contracts to a land developer and simultaneously enter into an LPA with the assignee if the project is determined to be feasible.

Key Financial Results

Our consolidated revenues for the second quarter of 2024 totaled $2,612,457, a 12% increase from the second quarter of 2023. Net income for the second quarter ended June 30, 2024 was $400,904, or $120.69 per diluted share. For the second quarter ended June 30, 2024, net income decreased 1% and diluted earnings per share increased 4% when compared to net income and diluted earnings per share for the second quarter of 2023, respectively. Our homebuilding gross profit margin percentage decreased to 23.6% in the second quarter of 2024 from 24.3% in the second quarter of 2023. New orders, net of cancellations (“New Orders”) increased by 3% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023. The New Order cancellation rate for the second quarter of 2024 increased to 12.9% from 10.9% in the same period in 2023. The average sales price for New Orders in the second quarter of 2024 was $458.8, an increase of 3% compared to the second quarter of 2023.

Homebuilding Operations

The following table summarizes the results of operations and other data for our homebuilding operations:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
Financial Data:
Revenues	$	2,547,891		$	2,283,769		$	4,834,068		$	4,415,102
Cost of sales	$	1,947,616		$	1,728,146		$	3,673,829		$	3,336,056
Gross profit margin percentage	23.6		%	24.3		%	24.0		%	24.4		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	141,213		$	148,543		$	293,716		$	292,161
Operating Data:
New orders (units)	6,067			5,905			12,116			11,793
Average new order price	$	458.8		$	447.3		$	456.6		$	444.3
Settlements (units)	5,659			5,085			10,748			9,724
Average settlement price	$	450.2		$	449.0		$	449.7		$	454.0
Backlog (units)							11,597			11,231
Average backlog price							$	470.3		$	458.6
New order cancellation rate	12.9		%	10.9		%	13.0		%	12.4		%

Consolidated Homebuilding - Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

Homebuilding revenues increased 12% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, primarily as a result of an 11% increase in the number of units settled. The increase in settlements was primarily attributable to a 7% higher backlog unit balance entering the second quarter of 2024 compared to the backlog unit balance entering the second quarter of 2023, coupled with a higher backlog turnover rate quarter over quarter. Gross profit margin percentage in the second quarter of 2024 decreased to 23.6%, from 24.3% in the second quarter of 2023. Gross profit margin was negatively impacted by higher lot and closing costs quarter over quarter.

New Orders and the average sales price of New Orders both increased 3% in the second quarter of 2024 compared to the second quarter of 2023. New Orders were favorably impacted by a 2% increase in the average

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number of active communities quarter over quarter, coupled with favorable market conditions which led to a higher sales absorption rate in the second quarter of 2024. The increase in the average sales price of New Orders is primarily attributable to a relative shift to higher priced communities in certain of our reporting segments as discussed in the respective segments below.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense in the second quarter of 2024 decreased by approximately $7,300 compared to the second quarter of 2023, and as a percentage of revenue decreased to 5.5% from 6.5% quarter over quarter. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily attributable to a decrease of approximately $6,800 in equity-based compensation quarter over quarter due primarily to the Options and RSUs issued as part of the 2018 four-year block grant being fully vested as of December 31, 2023.

Consolidated Homebuilding - Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023

Homebuilding revenues increased 9% in the first six months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, as a result of an 11% increase in the number of units settled, offset partially by a 1% decrease in the average settlement price year over year. The increase in settlements was attributable to a 12% higher backlog unit balance entering 2024 compared to the backlog unit balance entering 2023. Gross profit margin percentage in the first six months of 2024 decreased to 24.0% from 24.4% in the first six months of 2023. Gross profit margin was negatively impacted by higher lot and closing costs year over year.

New Orders and the average sales price of New Orders both increased 3% in the first six months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. New Orders were favorably impacted by a 2% increase in the average number of active communities year over year. The increase in the average sales price of New Orders is attributable to a relative shift to higher priced markets and communities in certain of our reporting segments as discussed in the respective segments below.

SG&A expense in the first six months of 2024 increased by approximately $1,600 compared to the same period in 2023, and as a percentage of revenue decreased to 6.1% in 2024 from 6.6% in 2023. The increase in SG&A expense was primarily attributable to a $7,200 increase in personnel costs attributable to an increase in headcount year over year. Additionally, sales and marketing expenses were approximately $4,000 higher year over year due to an increase in model home related expenses. These increases in SG&A expense were partially offset by an $11,100 decrease in equity-based compensation year over year due primarily to the Options and RSUs issued as part of the 2018 four-year block grant being fully vested as of December 31, 2023.

Our backlog represents homes sold but not yet settled with our customers. As of June 30, 2024, our backlog increased on a unit basis by 3% to 11,597 units and on a dollar basis by 6% to $5,454,470 when compared to 11,231 units and $5,150,347, respectively, as of June 30, 2023. The increase in the number of backlog units was primarily attributable to a 12% higher backlog unit balance entering 2024 compared to the backlog unit balance entering 2023. Backlog dollars were higher primarily due to the increase in backlog units year over year, coupled with a 3% increase in the average sales price of New Orders for the six month period ended June 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

Our backlog may be impacted by customer cancellations for various reasons that are beyond our control, such as failure to obtain mortgage financing, inability to sell an existing home, job loss, or a variety of other reasons. In any period, a portion of the cancellations that we experience are related to new sales that occurred during the same period, and a portion are related to sales that occurred in prior periods and therefore appeared in the opening backlog for the current period. Calculated as the total of all cancellations during the period as a percentage of gross sales during that same period, our cancellation rate was approximately 13% and 12% in the first six months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. During the most recent four quarters, approximately 4% of a reporting quarter’s opening backlog cancelled during the fiscal quarter. We can provide no assurance that our historical cancellation rates are indicative of the actual cancellation rate that may occur during the remainder of 2024 or future years. Other than those units that are cancelled, we expect to settle substantially all of our June 30, 2024 backlog within the next twelve months.

The backlog turnover rate is impacted by various factors, including, but not limited to, changes in New Order activity, internal production capacity, external subcontractor capacity, building material supply chain disruptions and other external factors over which we do not exercise control.

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Reportable Segments

Homebuilding segment profit includes all revenues and income generated from the sale of homes, less the cost of homes sold, SG&A expenses, and a corporate capital allocation charge determined by corporate management. The corporate capital allocation charge eliminates in consolidation and is based on the segment’s average net assets employed. The corporate capital allocation charged to the operating segment allows the Chief Operating Decision Maker to determine whether the operating segment is providing the desired rate of return after covering our cost of capital.

We record charges on contract land deposits when we determine that it is probable that recovery of the deposit is impaired. For segment reporting purposes, impairments on contract land deposits are generally charged to the operating segment upon the termination of an LPA with the developer, or the restructuring of an LPA resulting in the forfeiture of the deposit. We evaluate our entire net contract land deposit portfolio for impairment each quarter. For presentation purposes below, the contract land deposit reserve as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 has been allocated to the respective year’s reportable segments to show contract land deposits on a net basis. The net contract land deposit balances below also include approximately $10,400 and $7,700 as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, of letters of credit issued as deposits in lieu of cash.

The following tables summarize certain homebuilding operating activity by reportable segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.

Selected Segment Financial Data:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenues:
Mid Atlantic	$	1,133,685	$	1,058,794	$	2,151,155	$	1,999,942
North East	287,334		232,926		543,004		416,356
Mid East	433,996		411,682		850,947		814,079
South East	692,876		580,367		1,288,962		1,184,725


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Gross profit margin:
Mid Atlantic	$	280,337	$	265,492	$	541,966	$	494,753
North East	76,240		63,439		143,578		112,528
Mid East	94,479		90,452		188,889		175,065
South East	153,870		152,011		299,706		319,473


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Gross profit margin percentage:
Mid Atlantic	24.7	%	25.1	%	25.2	%	24.7	%
North East	26.5	%	27.2	%	26.4	%	27.0	%
Mid East	21.8	%	22.0	%	22.2	%	21.5	%
South East	22.2	%	26.2	%	23.3	%	27.0	%

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	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Segment profit:
Mid Atlantic	$	209,166	$	195,254	$	399,130	$	354,292
North East	54,372		44,932		101,229		76,992
Mid East	63,588		61,756		129,989		118,224
South East	94,442		106,648		185,847		232,058

Operating Activity:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
	Units	Average Price		Units	Average Price		Units	Average Price		Units	Average Price
New orders, net of cancellations:
Mid Atlantic	2,297	$	536.2	2,348	$	519.2	4,579	$	525.9	4,583	$	517.8
North East	478	$	623.4	463	$	557.0	1,005	$	617.7	905	$	564.9
Mid East	1,262	$	403.7	1,339	$	390.3	2,525	$	406.8	2,656	$	387.3
South East	2,030	$	366.7	1,755	$	365.7	4,007	$	368.3	3,649	$	363.5
Total	6,067	$	458.8	5,905	$	447.3	12,116	$	456.6	11,793	$	444.3


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2024			2023			2024			2023
	Units	Average Price		Units	Average Price		Units	Average Price		Units	Average Price
Settlements:
Mid Atlantic	2,199	$	515.5	2,030	$	521.3	4,165	$	516.5	3,825	$	522.7
North East	487	$	589.8	432	$	539.2	950	$	571.5	795	$	523.7
Mid East	1,075	$	403.7	1,067	$	385.7	2,124	$	400.6	2,056	$	395.9
South East	1,898	$	365.1	1,556	$	373.0	3,509	$	367.3	3,048	$	388.7
Total	5,659	$	450.2	5,085	$	449.0	10,748	$	449.7	9,724	$	454.0


	As of June 30,
	2024			2023
	Units	Average Price		Units	Average Price
Backlog:
Mid Atlantic	4,508	$	531.4	4,450	$	528.8
North East	1,083	$	643.3	995	$	587.9
Mid East	2,377	$	416.6	2,453	$	392.1
South East	3,629	$	378.0	3,333	$	375.1
Total	11,597	$	470.3	11,231	$	458.6

Three Months Ended June