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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
			THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2023

or

☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
			THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from						to

Commission File Number: 1-9109

RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida						59-1517485
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, Florida 33716

(Address of principal executive offices)    (Zip Code)

(727) 567-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

None

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Title of each class			Trading Symbol(s)			Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value			RJF			New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of 6.375% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series B Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock			RJF PrB			New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer			x			Accelerated filer			☐
Non-accelerated filer			☐			Smaller reporting company			☐
						Emerging growth company			☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐                              No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

209,027,614 shares of common stock as of February 5, 2024

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX
									PAGE
PART I						FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.						Financial Statements (Unaudited)			3
						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (Unaudited)			3
						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)			4
						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)			5
						Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)			6
						Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
						Note 1 - Organization and basis of presentation			8
						Note 2 - Update of significant accounting policies			9
						Note 3 - Fair value			10
						Note 4 - Available-for-sale securities			15
						Note 5 - Derivative assets and derivative liabilities			18
						Note 6 - Collateralized agreements and financings			20
						Note 7 - Bank loans, net			23
						Note 8 - Loans to financial advisors, net			29
						Note 9 - Variable interest entities			30
						Note 10 - Other assets			31
						Note 11 - Leases			31
						Note 12 - Bank deposits			32
						Note 13 - Other borrowings			33
						Note 14 - Income taxes			34
						Note 15 - Commitments, contingencies and guarantees			34
						Note 16 - Shareholders’ equity			36
						Note 17 - Revenues			39
						Note 18 - Interest income and interest expense			41
						Note 19 - Share-based compensation			41
						Note 20 - Regulatory capital requirements			42
						Note 21 - Earnings per share			44
						Note 22 - Segment information			45
Item 2.						Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			47
Item 3.						Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk			83
Item 4.						Controls and Procedures			83
PART II						OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.						Legal Proceedings			83
Item 1A.						Risk Factors			83
Item 2.						Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			84
Item 3.						Defaults Upon Senior Securities			84
Item 4.						Mine Safety Disclosures			84
Item 5.						Other Information			84
Item 6.						Exhibits			85
						Signatures			86

2

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Index

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(Unaudited)

$ in millions, except per share amounts						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	10,206					$	9,313
Assets segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash						3,731						3,235
Collateralized agreements						454						418
Financial instruments, at fair value:
Trading assets ($1,019 and $1,062 pledged as collateral)						1,103						1,187
Available-for-sale securities ($20 and $22 pledged as collateral)						9,198						9,181
Derivative assets						195						265
Other investments ($7 and $7 pledged as collateral)						310						306
Brokerage client receivables, net						2,382						2,525
Other receivables, net						1,580						1,608
Bank loans, net						44,182						43,775
Loans to financial advisors, net						1,184						1,136
Deferred income taxes, net						637						711
Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net						1,908						1,907
Other assets						3,060						2,793
Total assets						$	80,130					$	78,360
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity:
Bank deposits						$	55,393					$	54,199
Collateralized financings						516						337
Financial instrument liabilities, at fair value:
Trading liabilities						794						716
Derivative liabilities						310						490
Brokerage client payables						5,793						5,447
Accrued compensation, commissions and benefits						1,496						1,914
Other payables						1,909						1,931
Other borrowings						1,099						1,100
Senior notes payable						2,039						2,039
Total liabilities						69,349						68,173
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 15)
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock						79						79
Common stock; $.01 par value; 650,000,000 shares authorized; 249,682,751 shares issued and 208,665,962 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023; 248,728,805 shares issued and 208,769,095 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023						2						2
Additional paid-in capital						3,158						3,143
Retained earnings						10,609						10,213
Treasury stock, at cost; 41,016,789 and 39,959,710 common shares as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively						(2,365)						(2,252)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss						(693)						(971)
Total equity attributable to Raymond James Financial, Inc.						10,790						10,214
Noncontrolling interests						(9)						(27)
Total shareholders’ equity						10,781						10,187
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity						$	80,130					$	78,360

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

3

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Index

RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

												Three months ended December 31,
in millions, except per share amounts																		2023						2022
Revenues:
Asset management and related administrative fees																		$	1,407					$	1,242
Brokerage revenues:
Securities commissions																		383						352
Principal transactions																		139						132
Total brokerage revenues																		522						484
Account and service fees																		319						289
Investment banking																		181						141
Interest income																		1,053						827
Other																		38						44
Total revenues																		3,520						3,027
Interest expense																		(507)						(241)
Net revenues																		3,013						2,786
Non-interest expenses:
Compensation, commissions and benefits																		1,921						1,736
Non-compensation expenses:
Communications and information processing																		150						139
Occupancy and equipment																		72						66
Business development																		61						56
Investment sub-advisory fees																		40						34
Professional fees																		32						32
Bank loan provision for credit losses																		12						14
Other																		95						57
Total non-compensation expenses																		462						398
Total non-interest expenses																		2,383						2,134
Pre-tax income																		630						652
Provision for income taxes																		132						143
Net income																		498						509
Preferred stock dividends																		1						2
Net income available to common shareholders																		$	497					$	507
Earnings per common share – basic																		$	2.38					$	2.36
Earnings per common share – diluted																		$	2.32					$	2.30
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic																		208.6						214.7
Weighted-average common and common equivalent shares outstanding – diluted																		213.8						220.4
Net income																		$	498					$	509
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax:
Available-for-sale securities																		270						47
Currency translations, net of the impact of net investment hedges																		29						46
Cash flow hedges																		(21)						(2)
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax																		278						91
Total comprehensive income																		$	776					$	600

    

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

4

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Index

RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions, except per share amounts						2023						2022
Preferred stock:
Balance beginning of period						$	79					$	120
Share issuances						—						—
Balance end of period						79						120
Common stock, par value $.01 per share:
Balance beginning of period						2						2
Share issuances						—						—
Balance end of period						2						2
Additional paid-in capital:
Balance beginning of period						3,143						2,987
Employee stock purchases						8						7
Distributions due to vesting of restricted stock units and exercise of stock options, net of forfeitures						(82)						(99)
Share-based compensation amortization						89						80
Balance end of period						3,158						2,975
Retained earnings:
Balance beginning of period						10,213						8,843
Net income attributable to Raymond James Financial, Inc.						498						509
Common and preferred stock cash dividends declared (see Note 16)						(102)						(98)
Balance end of period						10,609						9,254
Treasury stock:
Balance beginning of period						(2,252)						(1,512)
Purchases/surrenders						(159)						(147)
Reissuances due to vesting of restricted stock units and exercise of stock options						46						55
Balance end of period						(2,365)						(1,604)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Balance beginning of period						(971)						(982)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax						278						91
Balance end of period						(693)						(891)
Total equity attributable to Raymond James Financial, Inc.						$	10,790					$	9,856
Noncontrolling interests:
Balance beginning of period						$	(27)					$	(26)
Consolidations						18						—
Balance end of period						(9)						(26)
Total shareholders’ equity						$	10,781					$	9,830

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

5

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Index

RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income						$	498					$	509
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization						42						40
Deferred income taxes, net						(9)						25
Premium and discount amortization on available-for-sale securities and bank loans and net unrealized gain/loss on other investments						(12)						(11)
Provisions for credit losses and legal and regulatory matters, net						7						21
Share-based compensation expense						90						81
Unrealized gain on company-owned life insurance policies, net of expenses						(87)						(48)
Other						(8)						(10)
Net change in:
Collateralized agreements, net of collateralized financings						143						97
Loans (provided to) financial advisors, net of repayments						(54)						25
Brokerage client receivables and other receivables, net						304						477
Trading instruments, net						194						127
Derivative instruments, net						(166)						(18)
Other assets						(40)						8
Brokerage client payables and other payables						161						(3,882)
Accrued compensation, commissions and benefits						(423)						(511)
Purchases and originations of loans held for sale, net of proceeds from sales of securitizations and loans held for sale						(97)						(66)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities						543						(3,136)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Increase in bank loans, net						(405)						(826)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for investment						76						45
Purchases of available-for-sale securities						(51)						(153)
Available-for-sale securities maturations, repayments and redemptions						295						326
Additions to property and equipment						(50)						(27)
Investment in solar tax credit equity investment						(15)						—
Other investing activities, net						(26)						(31)
Net cash used in investing activities						(176)						(666)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

6

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Index

RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Cash flows from financing activities:
Increase in bank deposits						1,194						622
Repurchases of common stock and share-based awards withheld for payment of withholding tax requirements						(199)						(189)
Dividends on common and preferred stock						(97)						(81)
Exercise of stock options and employee stock purchases						10						11
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances						750						650
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowed funds						(750)						(791)
Other financing, net						(1)						(1)
Net cash provided by financing activities						907						221
Currency adjustment:
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including those segregated for regulatory purposes						115						215
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including those segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash						1,389						(3,366)
Cash and cash equivalents, including those segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash at beginning of year						12,548						14,659
Cash and cash equivalents, including those segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash at end of period						$	13,937					$	11,293
Cash and cash equivalents						$	10,206					$	6,177
Cash and cash equivalents segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash						3,731						5,116
Total cash and cash equivalents, including those segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash at end of period						$	13,937					$	11,293
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest						$	499					$	216
Cash paid for income taxes, net						$	24					$	13
Cash outflows for lease liabilities						$	30					$	31
Non-cash right-of-use assets recorded for new and modified leases						$	17					$	13

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

7

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

December 31, 2023

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Organization

Raymond James Financial, Inc. (“RJF” or the “firm”) is a financial holding company which, together with its subsidiaries, is engaged in various financial services activities, including providing investment management services to retail and institutional clients, merger & acquisition and advisory services, the underwriting, distribution, trading and brokerage of equity and debt securities, and the sale of mutual funds and other investment products.  The firm also provides corporate and retail banking services and trust services. As used herein, the terms “our,” “we,” or “us” refer to RJF and/or one or more of its subsidiaries.

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RJF and its consolidated subsidiaries that are generally controlled through a majority voting interest. We consolidate all of our 100%-owned subsidiaries. In addition, we consolidate any variable interest entity (“VIE”) in which we are the primary beneficiary. Additional information on these VIEs is provided in Note 2 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2023 Form 10-K”) for the year ended September 30, 2023, as filed with the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in Note 9 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”). When we do not have a controlling interest in an entity, but we exert significant influence over the entity, we apply the equity method of accounting. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Accounting estimates and assumptions

Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) but is not required for interim reporting purposes has been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our consolidated financial position and results of operations for the periods presented.

The nature of our business is such that the results of any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in our 2023 Form 10-K. To prepare condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, we must make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates and could have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 2 – UPDATE OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A summary of our significant accounting policies is included in Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, there were no significant changes to our significant accounting policies other than the accounting policies adopted or modified as part of our implementation of new or amended accounting guidance, as noted in the following sections.

Accounting guidance adopted in fiscal 2024

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new guidance related to troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and disclosures regarding write-offs of financing receivables (ASU 2022-02), amending guidance related to the measurement of credit losses on financial instruments (ASU 2016-13). The update eliminates the requirement to use a discounted cash flow approach to measure the allowance for credit losses for TDRs and instead allows for the use of a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) approach for all loans. Under a CECL approach, the impact of loan modifications and the subsequent performance of modified loans, including defaults, is reflected in the historical loss data used to calculate expected lifetime credit losses. In addition, the update requires new disclosures about modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, term extensions, or a combination of these modifications. The update also requires new disclosures for the financial effects of these modifications and for loan performance in the twelve months following the modification, and also requires disclosure of current period gross charge-offs by year of origination. We adopted this guidance on a prospective basis as of October 1, 2023, which did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. Refer to Note 7 for additional disclosures required by this guidance and changes to our accounting policies as a result of this adoption. See Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of our accounting policies related to our nonperforming assets and allowance for credit losses.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 3 – FAIR VALUE

Our “Financial instruments” and “Financial instrument liabilities” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition are recorded at fair value. See Notes 2 and 4 of our 2023 Form 10-K for further information about such instruments and our significant accounting policies related to fair value. The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Netting adjustments represent the impact of counterparty and collateral netting on our derivative balances included on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. See Note 5 for additional information.

$ in millions						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Netting adjustments						Balance as of December 31, 2023
Assets at fair value on a recurring basis:
Trading assets:
Municipal and provincial obligations						$	—					$	191					$	—					$	—					$	191
Corporate obligations						22						640						—						—						662
Government and agency obligations						44						69						—						—						113
Agency mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”), collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) and asset-backed securities (“ABS”)						—						93						—						—						93
Non-agency CMOs and ABS						—						9						—						—						9
Total debt securities						66						1,002						—						—						1,068
Equity securities						14						2						—						—						16
Brokered certificates of deposit						—						18						—						—						18
Other						—						—						1						—						1
Total trading assets						80						1,022						1						—						1,103
Available-for-sale securities (1)						1,149						8,049						—						—						9,198
Derivative assets - interest rate						8						375						—						(188)						195
All other investments:
Government and agency obligations (2)						72						—						—						—						72
Other						106						2						29						—						137
Total all other investments						178						2						29						—						209
Other assets - client-owned fractional shares						110						—						—						—						110
Subtotal						1,525						9,448						30						(188)						10,815
Other investments - private equity - measured at net asset value (“NAV”)																														101
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis						$	1,525					$	9,448					$	30					$	(188)					$	10,916
Liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis:
Trading liabilities:
Municipal and provincial obligations						$	8					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	8
Corporate obligations						—						614						—						—						614
Government and agency obligations						127						1						—						—						128
Total debt securities						135						615						—						—						750
Equity securities						44						—						—						—						44
Total trading liabilities						179						615						—						—						794
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate						9						400						—						(114)						295
Foreign exchange						—						15						—						—						15
Total derivative liabilities						9						415						—						(114)						310
Other payables - repurchase liabilities related to client-owned fractional shares						110						—						—						—						110
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis						$	298					$	1,030					$	—					$	(114)					$	1,214

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

$ in millions						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						Netting adjustments						Balance as of September 30, 2023
Assets at fair value on a recurring basis:
Trading assets:
Municipal and provincial obligations						$	—					$	239					$	—					$	—					$	239
Corporate obligations						22						620						—						—						642
Government and agency obligations						24						117						—						—						141
Agency MBS, CMOs, and ABS						—						35						—						—						35
Non-agency CMOs and ABS						—						68						—						—						68
Total debt securities						46						1,079						—						—						1,125
Equity securities						20						2						—						—						22
Brokered certificates of deposit						—						36						—						—						36
Other						—						—						4						—						4
Total trading assets						66						1,117						4						—						1,187
Available-for-sale securities (1)						1,240						7,941						—						—						9,181
Derivative assets:
Interest rate						14						503						—						(261)						256
Foreign exchange						—						9						—						—						9
Total derivative assets						14						512						—						(261)						265
All other investments:
Government and agency obligations (2)						71						—						—						—						71
Other						102						2						30						—						134
Total all other investments						173						2						30						—						205
Other assets - client-owned fractional shares						98						—						—						—						98
Subtotal						1,591						9,572						34						(261)						10,936
Other investments - private equity - measured at NAV																														101
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis						$	1,591					$	9,572					$	34					$	(261)					$	11,037
Liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis:
Trading liabilities:
Municipal and provincial obligations						$	10					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	10
Corporate obligations						—						514						—						—						514
Government and agency obligations						161						1						—						—						162
Total debt securities						171						515						—						—						686
Equity securities						30						—						—						—						30
Total trading liabilities						201						515						—						—						716
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate						13						563						—						(88)						488
Foreign exchange						—						2						—						—						2
Total derivative liabilities						13						565						—						(88)						490
Other payables - repurchase liabilities related to client-owned fractional shares						98						—						—						—						98
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis						$	312					$	1,080					$	—					$	(88)					$	1,304

(1)Our available-for-sale securities primarily consist of agency MBS, agency CMOs, and U.S. Treasury securities (“U.S. Treasuries”). See Note 4 for further information.

(2)These assets are primarily comprised of U.S. Treasuries purchased to meet certain deposit requirements with clearing organizations.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Level 3 recurring fair value measurements

The following tables present the changes in fair value for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The realized and unrealized gains and losses in the tables may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs. In the following tables, gains/(losses) on trading and derivative instruments are reported in “Principal transactions” and gains/(losses) on other investments are reported in “Other” revenues on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

Three months ended December 31, 2023 Level 3 instruments at fair value
						Financial assets																											Financial liabilities
						Trading assets																								Other investments																		Derivative liabilities
$ in millions						Other																								All other																		Other
Fair value beginning of period						$	4																							$	30																	$	—
Total gains/(losses) included in earnings						—																								(1)																		—
Purchases and contributions						12																								—																		—
Sales and distributions						(15)																								—																		—
Transfers:
Into Level 3						—																								—																		—
Out of Level 3						—																								—																		—
Fair value end of period						$	1																							$	29																	$	—
Unrealized gains/(losses) for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period						$	—																							$	(1)																	$	—

Three months ended December 31, 2022 Level 3 instruments at fair value
						Financial assets																																				Financial liabilities
						Trading assets																								Other investments																											Derivative liabilities
$ in millions						Other																								All other																											Other
Fair value beginning of period						$	1																							$	29																										$	(3)
Total gains/(losses) included in earnings						—																								1																											(1)
Purchases and contributions						25																								—																											—
Sales and distributions						(20)																								—																											—
Transfers:
Into Level 3						—																								—																											—
Out of Level 3						—																								—																											—
Fair value end of period						$	6																							$	30																										$	(4)
Unrealized gains/(losses) for the period included in earnings for instruments held at the end of the reporting period						$	(1)																							$	1																										$	(1)

As of both December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, 14% of our assets and 2% of our liabilities were measured at fair value on a recurring basis. As of both December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, Level 3 assets represented less than 1% of our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Investments in private equity measured at net asset value per share

As more fully described in Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K, as a practical expedient, we utilize NAV or its equivalent to determine the recorded value of a portion of our private equity investments portfolio. We utilize NAV when the fund investment does not have a readily determinable fair value and the NAV of the fund is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of investment company accounting, including measurement of the investments at fair value.

Our private equity portfolio as of December 31, 2023 primarily included investments in third-party funds, including growth equity, venture capital, and mezzanine lending fund investments. Our investments cannot be redeemed directly with the funds. Our investments are monetized through the liquidation of underlying assets of fund investments, the timing of which is uncertain.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

The following table presents the recorded value and unfunded commitments related to our private equity investments portfolio.

$ in millions						Recorded value						Unfunded commitment
December 31, 2023
Private equity investments measured at NAV						$	101					$	25
Private equity investments not measured at NAV						7
Total private equity investments						$	108
September 30, 2023
Private equity investments measured at NAV						$	101					$	29
Private equity investments not measured at NAV						7
Total private equity investments						$	108

Financial instruments measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

The following table presents assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis along with the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the assets classified as level 3. These inputs represent those that a market participant would take into account when pricing these instruments. Weighted averages are calculated by weighting each input by the relative fair value of the related financial instrument.

$ in millions												Level 2						Level 3						Total fair value						Valuation technique(s)						Unobservable input						Range (weighted-average)
December 31, 2023
Bank loans:
Residential mortgage loans												$	2					$	8					$	10					Collateral or discounted cash flow (1)						Prepayment rate						7 yrs. - 12 yrs. (10.3 yrs.)
Corporate loans												$	—					$	104					$	104					Collateral or  discounted cash flow (1)						Recovery rate						3% - 63% (49%)
Loans held for sale												$	30					$	—					$	30					N/A						N/A						N/A
September 30, 2023
Bank loans:
Residential mortgage loans												$	2					$	8					$	10					Collateral or discounted cash flow (1)						Prepayment rate						7 yrs. - 12 yrs. (10.3 yrs.)
Corporate loans												$	—					$	84					$	84					Collateral or  discounted cash flow (1)						Recovery rate						22% - 65% (53%)
Loans held for sale												$	2					$	—					$	2					N/A						N/A						N/A

(1)The valuation techniques used to estimate the fair values are based on collateral value less selling costs for the collateral-dependent loans and discounted cash flows for loans that are not collateral-dependent. Unobservable inputs used in the collateral valuation technique are not meaningful and unobservable inputs used in the discounted cash flow valuation technique are presented in the table.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Financial instruments not recorded at fair value

Many, but not all, of the financial instruments we hold were recorded at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following table presents the estimated fair value and fair value hierarchy of financial assets and liabilities that are not recorded at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023. This table excludes financial instruments that are carried at amounts which approximate fair value. See Note 4 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of our financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value.

$ in millions												Level 2						Level 3						Total estimated fair value						Carrying amount
December 31, 2023
Financial assets:
Bank loans, net												$	181					$	43,020					$	43,201					$	44,038
Financial liabilities:
Bank deposits - certificates of deposit												$	2,882					$	—					$	2,882					$	2,885
Other borrowings - subordinated notes payable												$	95					$	—					$	95					$	99
Senior notes payable												$	1,817					$	—					$	1,817					$	2,039
September 30, 2023
Financial assets:
Bank loans, net												$	142					$	42,622					$	42,764					$	43,679
Financial liabilities:
Bank deposits - certificates of deposit												$	2,817					$	—					$	2,817					$	2,831
Other borrowings - subordinated notes payable												$	94					$	—					$	94					$	100
Senior notes payable												$	1,640					$	—					$	1,640					$	2,039

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 4 – AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE SECURITIES

See Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of our accounting policies applicable to our available-for-sale securities.

The following table details the amortized costs and fair values of our available-for-sale securities. See Note 3 for additional information regarding the fair value of available-for-sale securities.

$ in millions						Cost basis						Gross unrealized gains						Gross unrealized losses						Fair value
December 31, 2023
Agency residential MBS						$	4,665					$	2					$	(451)					$	4,216
Agency commercial MBS						1,457						—						(162)						1,295
Agency CMOs						1,407						—						(213)						1,194
Other agency obligations						694						—						(17)						677
Non-agency residential MBS						550						1						(37)						514
U.S. Treasuries						1,161						—						(12)						1,149
Corporate bonds						140						—						(5)						135
Other						18						—						—						18
Total available-for-sale securities						$	10,092					$	3					$	(897)					$	9,198
September 30, 2023
Agency residential MBS						$	4,865					$	—					$	(654)					$	4,211
Agency commercial MBS						1,464						—						(211)						1,253
Agency CMOs						1,448						—						(265)						1,183
Other agency obligations						710						—						(31)						679
Non-agency residential MBS						527						—						(64)						463
U.S. Treasuries						1,261						—						(21)						1,240
Corporate bonds						140						—						(6)						134
Other						18						—						—						18
Total available-for-sale securities						$	10,433					$	—					$	(1,252)					$	9,181

The amortized costs and fair values in the preceding table exclude $29 million and $28 million of accrued interest on available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, which was included in “Other receivables, net” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

See Note 6 for more information regarding available-for-sale securities pledged with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta (“FRB”).

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

The following table details the contractual maturities, amortized costs, fair values and current yields for our available-for-sale securities.  Weighted-average yields are calculated on a taxable-equivalent basis based on estimated annual income divided by the average amortized cost of these securities. Since our MBS and CMO available-for-sale securities are backed by mortgages, actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties. As a result, the weighted-average life of our available-for-sale securities portfolio, after factoring in estimated prepayments, was approximately 4.0 years as of December 31, 2023.

						December 31, 2023
$ in millions						Within one year						After one but within five years						After five but within ten years						After ten years						Total
Agency residential MBS
Amortized cost						$	1					$	112					$	2,033					$	2,519					$	4,665
Fair value						$	1					$	108					$	1,865					$	2,242					$	4,216
Weighted-average yield						2.11		%				2.53		%				1.31		%				1.95		%				1.68		%
Agency commercial MBS
Amortized cost						$	18					$	933					$	457					$	49					$	1,457
Fair value						$	18					$	856					$	380					$	41					$	1,295
Weighted-average yield						3.45		%				1.60		%				1.20		%				1.87		%				1.51		%
Agency CMOs
Amortized cost						$	—					$	7					$	39					$	1,361					$	1,407
Fair value						$	—					$	7					$	35					$	1,152					$	1,194
Weighted-average yield						—		%				2.39		%				1.52		%				1.58		%				1.58		%
Other agency obligations
Amortized cost						$	79					$	525					$	80					$	10					$	694
Fair value						$	79					$	513					$	76					$	9					$	677
Weighted-average yield						2.08		%				3.26		%				3.43		%				3.07		%				3.15		%
Non-agency residential MBS
Amortized cost						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	550					$	550
Fair value						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	514					$	514
Weighted-average yield						—		%				—		%				—		%				4.33		%				4.33		%
U.S. Treasuries
Amortized cost						$	821					$	340					$	—					$	—					$	1,161
Fair value						$	811					$	338					$	—					$	—					$	1,149
Weighted-average yield						2.67		%				4.64		%				—		%				—		%				3.25		%
Corporate bonds
Amortized cost						$	31					$	86					$	23					$	—					$	140
Fair value						$	30					$	84					$	21					$	—					$	135
Weighted-average yield						4.73		%				5.58		%				5.02		%				—		%				5.30		%
Other
Amortized cost						$	—					$	5					$	5					$	8					$	18
Fair value						$	—					$	5					$	4					$	9					$	18
Weighted-average yield						—		%				7.39		%				5.22		%				8.32		%				7.26		%
Total available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost						$	950					$	2,008					$	2,637					$	4,497					$	10,092
Fair value						$	939					$	1,911					$	2,381					$	3,967					$	9,198
Weighted-average yield						2.70		%				2.79		%				1.39		%				2.14		%				2.13		%

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

The following table details the gross unrealized losses and fair values of securities that were in a loss position at the reporting period end, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

						Less than 12 months												12 months or more												Total
$ in millions						Fair value						Unrealized losses						Fair value						Unrealized losses						Fair value						Unrealized losses
December 31, 2023
Agency residential MBS						$	18					$	—					$	4,121					$	(451)					$	4,139					$	(451)
Agency commercial MBS						—						—						1,292						(162)						1,292						(162)
Agency CMOs						—						—						1,194						(213)						1,194						(213)
Other agency obligations						63						—						614						(17)						677						(17)
Non-agency residential MBS						17						—						430						(37)						447						(37)
U.S. Treasuries						245						—						904						(12)						1,149						(12)
Corporate bonds						15						—						81						(5)						96						(5)
Other						8						—						9						—						17						—
Total						$	366					$	—					$	8,645					$	(897)					$	9,011					$	(897)
September 30, 2023
Agency residential MBS						$	73					$	(3)					$	4,119					$	(651)					$	4,192					$	(654)
Agency commercial MBS						3						—						1,250						(211)						1,253						(211)
Agency CMOs						—						—						1,183						(265)						1,183						(265)
Other agency obligations						97						(1)						582						(30)						679						(31)
Non-agency residential MBS						62						(1)						401						(63)						463						(64)
U.S. Treasuries						120						—						995						(21)						1,115						(21)
Corporate bonds						13						—						78						(6)						91						(6)
Other						5						—						9						—						14						—
Total						$	373					$	(5)					$	8,617					$	(1,247)					$	8,990					$	(1,252)

At December 31, 2023, of the 1,066 available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, 36 were in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and 1,030 securities were in a continuous unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months.

At December 31, 2023, debt securities we held in excess of ten percent of our equity included those issued by the Federal National Home Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with amortized costs of $4.60 billion and $2.77 billion, respectively, and fair values of $4.11 billion and $2.45 billion, respectively.

During the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no sales of available-for-sale securities.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 5 – DERIVATIVE ASSETS AND DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES

Our derivative assets and derivative liabilities are recorded at fair value and are included in “Derivative assets” and “Derivative liabilities” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Cash flows related to our derivatives are included within operating activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The significant accounting policies governing our derivatives, including our methodologies for determining fair value, are described in Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Derivative balances included on our financial statements

The following table presents the gross fair values and notional amounts of derivatives by product type, the amounts of counterparty and cash collateral netting on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, as well as collateral posted and received under credit support agreements that do not meet the criteria for netting under GAAP.

						December 31, 2023																		September 30, 2023
$ in millions						Derivative assets						Derivative liabilities						Notional amount						Derivative assets						Derivative liabilities						Notional amount
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate (1)						$	377					$	409					$	17,861					$	509					$	576					$	18,270
Foreign exchange						—						7						1,183						4						2						1,191
Other						—						—						1,037						—						—						608
Subtotal						377						416						20,081						513						578						20,069
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate						6						—						1,225						8						—						1,200
Foreign exchange						—						8						1,208						5						—						1,172
Subtotal						6						8						2,433						13						—						2,372
Total gross fair value/notional amount						383						424						$	22,514					526						578						$	22,441
Offset on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
Counterparty netting						(57)						(57)												(29)						(29)
Cash collateral netting						(131)						(57)												(232)						(59)
Total amounts offset						(188)						(114)												(261)						(88)
Net amounts presented on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition						$	195					$	310											$	265					$	490
Gross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
Financial instruments						(81)						—												(131)						—
Total						$	114					$	310											$	134					$	490

(1)Included to-be-announced security contracts that are accounted for as derivatives.

The following table details the losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCI”), net of income taxes, on derivatives designated as hedging instruments. These losses included any amounts reclassified from AOCI to net income during the period. See Note 16 for additional information.

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Interest rate (cash flow hedges)						$	(21)					$	(2)
Foreign exchange (net investment hedges)						(22)						(14)
Total losses included in AOCI, net of taxes						$	(43)					$	(16)

There were no components of derivative gains or losses excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for each of the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. We expect to reclassify $27 million of interest expense out of AOCI and into earnings within the next 12 months. The maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are or will be hedged is four years.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

The following table details the gains/(losses) on derivatives not designated as hedging instruments recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. These amounts do not include any offsetting gains/(losses) on the related hedged item.

$ in millions												Three months ended December 31,
						Location of gain/(loss)						2023						2022
Interest rate						Principal transactions/other revenues						$	1					$	6
Foreign exchange						Other revenues						$	(33)					$	(30)
Other						Principal transactions						$	—					$	(1)

Risks associated with our derivatives and related risk mitigation

Credit risk

We are exposed to credit losses primarily in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to derivatives that are not cleared through a clearing organization. Where we are subject to credit exposure, we perform a credit evaluation of counterparties prior to entering into derivative transactions and we continue to monitor their credit standings on an ongoing basis.  We may require initial margin or collateral from counterparties, generally in the form of cash or marketable securities to support certain of these obligations as established by the credit threshold specified by the agreement and/or as a result of monitoring the credit standing of the counterparties. We also enter into derivatives with clients, typically interest rate derivatives, to which either of our bank subsidiaries have provided loans. Such derivatives are generally collateralized by marketable securities or other assets of the client.

Interest rate and foreign exchange risk

We are exposed to interest rate risk related to certain of our interest rate derivatives. We are also exposed to foreign exchange risk related to our forward foreign exchange derivatives.  On a daily basis, we monitor our risk exposure on our derivatives based on established sensitivity-based and foreign exchange spot limits.

Derivatives with credit-risk-related contingent features

Certain of our derivative contracts contain provisions that require our debt to maintain an investment-grade rating from one or more of the major credit rating agencies or contain provisions related to default on certain of our outstanding debt. If our debt were to fall below investment-grade or we were to default on certain of our outstanding debt, the counterparties to the derivative instruments could terminate the derivative and request immediate payment, or demand immediate and ongoing overnight collateralization on our derivative instruments in liability positions. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with such credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position was $6 million as of December 31, 2023 and $3 million as of September 30, 2023.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 6 – COLLATERALIZED AGREEMENTS AND FINANCINGS

Collateralized agreements are comprised of securities purchased under agreements to resell (“reverse repurchase agreements”) and securities borrowed. Collateralized financings are comprised of securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“repurchase agreements”) and securities loaned. We enter into these transactions in order to facilitate client activities, acquire securities to cover short positions and finance certain firm activities. The significant accounting policies governing our collateralized agreements and financings are described in Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Our reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, securities borrowing, and securities lending transactions are governed by master agreements that are widely used by counterparties and that may allow for net settlements of payments in the normal course, as well as offsetting of all contracts with a given counterparty in the event of bankruptcy or default of one of the parties to the transaction. For financial statement purposes, we do not offset our reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements, securities borrowed, and securities loaned because the conditions for netting as specified by GAAP are not met. Although not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, these transactions are included in the following table.

						Collateralized agreements																		Collateralized financings
$ in millions						Reverse repurchase agreements						Securities borrowed						Total						Repurchase agreements						Securities loaned						Total
December 31, 2023
Gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities						$	194					$	260					$	454					$	169					$	347					$	516
Gross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition						—						—						—						—						—						—
Net amounts included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition						194						260						454						169						347						516
Gross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition						(194)						(248)						(442)						(169)						(332)						(501)
Net amounts						$	—					$	12					$	12					$	—					$	15					$	15
September 30, 2023
Gross amounts of recognized assets/liabilities						$	187					$	231					$	418					$	157					$	180					$	337
Gross amounts offset on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition						—						—						—						—						—						—
Net amounts included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition						187						231						418						157						180						337
Gross amounts not offset on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition						(187)						(224)						(411)						(157)						(173)						(330)
Net amounts						$	—					$	7					$	7					$	—					$	7					$	7

The total amount of collateral received under reverse repurchase agreements and the total amount of collateral posted under repurchase agreements exceeds the carrying value of these agreements on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Repurchase agreements and securities loaned accounted for as secured borrowings

The following table presents the remaining contractual maturity of repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings.

$ in millions						Overnight and continuous						Up to 30 days						30-90 days						Greater than 90 days						Total
December 31, 2023
Repurchase agreements:
Government and agency obligations						$	107					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	107
Agency MBS and agency CMOs						62						—						—						—						62
Total repurchase agreements						169						—						—						—						169
Securities loaned:
Equity securities						347						—						—						—						347
Total collateralized financings						$	516					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	516
September 30, 2023
Repurchase agreements:
Government and agency obligations						$	122					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	122
Agency MBS and agency CMOs						35						—						—						—						35
Total repurchase agreements						157						—						—						—						157
Securities loaned:
Equity securities						180						—						—						—						180
Total collateralized financings						$	337					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	337

Collateral received and pledged

We receive cash and securities as collateral, primarily in connection with reverse repurchase agreements, securities borrowing agreements, derivative transactions, and client margin loans. The collateral we receive reduces our credit exposure to individual counterparties.

In many cases, we are permitted to deliver or repledge financial instruments we have received as collateral to satisfy our collateral requirements under our repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements or other secured borrowings, to satisfy deposit requirements with clearing organizations, or to otherwise meet either our or our clients’ settlement requirements.

The following table presents financial instruments at fair value that we received as collateral, were not included on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, and that were available to be delivered or repledged, along with the balances of such instruments that were delivered or repledged, to satisfy one of our purposes previously described.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Collateral we received that was available to be delivered or repledged						$	3,230					$	3,267
Collateral that we delivered or repledged						$	1,126					$	730

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Encumbered assets

We pledge certain of our assets, primarily trading assets, to collateralize repurchase agreements or other secured borrowings, maintain lines of credit, or to satisfy our collateral or settlement requirements with counterparties or clearing organizations who may or may not have the right to deliver or repledge such instruments. We pledge certain of our bank loans and available-for-sale securities with the FHLB as security for both the repayment of certain borrowings and to secure capacity for additional borrowings as needed. We also pledge certain loans and available-for-sale securities with the FRB to be eligible to participate in the Federal Reserve’s discount window program and to participate in certain deposit programs. The FHLB does not have the ability to sell or repledge such securities until they are borrowed against. For additional information regarding our outstanding FHLB advances see Note 13.

The following table presents information about our assets that have been pledged for one of the purposes previously described.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Had the right to deliver or repledge						$	1,046					$	1,091
Did not have the right to deliver or repledge						$	64					$	63
Assets pledged with the FHLB and FRB:
Available-for-sale securities						$	3,947					$	3,897
Bank loans						10,396						10,166
Total assets pledged with the FHLB and FRB						$	14,343					$	14,063

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 7 – BANK LOANS, NET

Bank client receivables are comprised of loans originated or purchased by our Bank segment and include securities-based loans (“SBL”), corporate loans (commercial and industrial (“C&I”) loans, commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans, and real estate investment trust (“REIT”) loans), residential mortgage loans, and tax-exempt loans. These receivables are collateralized by first and, to a lesser extent, second mortgages on residential or other real property, other assets of the borrower, a pledge of revenue, securities or are unsecured. We segregate our loan portfolio into six loan portfolio segments: SBL, C&I, CRE, REIT, residential mortgage, and tax-exempt. See Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of accounting policies related to bank loans and the allowance for credit losses.

Loan balances in the following tables are presented at amortized cost (outstanding principal balance net of unamortized purchase discounts or premiums, unearned income, deferred origination fees and costs, and charge-offs), except for certain held for sale loans recorded at fair value. Bank loans are presented on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at amortized cost (or fair value where applicable) less the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”). As it pertains to TriState Capital Bank’s loans acquired as of June 1, 2022, the amortized cost of such purchased loans reflects the fair value of the loans on the acquisition date, and as described further in Note 3 of our 2023 Form 10-K, the purchase discount on such loans is accreted to interest income over the weighted-average life of the underlying loans, which may vary based on prepayments.

The following table presents the balances for held for investment loans by portfolio segment and held for sale loans.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
SBL						$	14,647					$	14,606
C&I loans						10,503						10,406
CRE loans						7,331						7,221
REIT loans						1,697						1,668
Residential mortgage loans						8,861						8,662
Tax-exempt loans						1,411						1,541
Total loans held for investment						44,450						44,104
Held for sale loans						211						145
Total loans held for sale and investment						44,661						44,249
Allowance for credit losses						(479)						(474)
Bank loans, net (1)						$	44,182					$	43,775
ACL as a % of total loans held for investment						1.08		%				1.07		%
Accrued interest receivable on bank loans (included in “Other receivables, net”)						$	212					$	200

(1)Bank loans, net as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 are presented net of $37 million and $52 million, respectively, of net unamortized discount, unearned income, and deferred loan fees and costs. The net unamortized discount primarily arose from the acquisition date fair value purchase discount on bank loans acquired in the TriState Capital Holdings, Inc. acquisition. See Note 3 of our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.

See Note 6 for additional information regarding bank loans pledged with the FHLB and FRB and Note 13 for additional information regarding borrowings from the FHLB.

Held for sale loans

We originated or purchased $441 million and $802 million of loans held for sale during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The majority of these loans were purchases of the guaranteed portions of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans that were initially classified as loans held for sale upon purchase and subsequently transferred to trading instruments once they had been securitized into pools. Proceeds from the sales of these loans held for sale and not securitized amounted to $102 million and $198 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net gains resulting from such sales were insignificant for each of the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Purchases and sales of loans held for investment

The following table presents purchases and sales of loans held for investment by portfolio segment.

$ in millions												C&I loans						CRE loans						REIT loans												Residential mortgage loans						Total
Three months ended December 31, 2023
Purchases												$	206					$	—					$	—											$	45					$	251
Sales												$	119					$	—					$	—											$	—					$	119
Three months ended December 31, 2022
Purchases												$	163					$	39					$	24											$	190					$	416
Sales												$	—					$	—					$	—											$	—					$	—

Sales in the preceding table represent the recorded investment (i.e., net of charge-offs and discounts or premiums) of loans held for investment that were transferred to loans held for sale and subsequently sold to a third party during the respective period. As more fully described in Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K, corporate loan sales generally occur as part of our credit management activities.

Past due, nonaccrual, and modified loans

The following table presents information on delinquency status of our loans held for investment.

$ in millions						30-89 days and accruing						90 days or more and accruing						Total past due and accruing						Nonaccrual with allowance						Nonaccrual with no allowance						Current and accruing						Total loans held for investment
December 31, 2023
SBL						$	7					$	—					$	7					$	—					$	—					$	14,640					$	14,647
C&I loans						3						—						3						64						—						10,436						10,503
CRE loans						—						—						—						81						12						7,238						7,331
REIT loans						—						—						—						—						—						1,697						1,697
Residential mortgage loans						5						—						5						—						7						8,849						8,861
Tax-exempt loans						—						—						—						—						—						1,411						1,411
Total loans held for investment						$	15					$	—					$	15					$	145					$	19					$	44,271					$	44,450
September 30, 2023
SBL						$	9					$	—					$	9					$	—					$	—					$	14,597					$	14,606
C&I loans						—						—						—						69						2						10,335						10,406
CRE loans						—						—						—						35						13						7,173						7,221
REIT loans						—						—						—						—						—						1,668						1,668
Residential mortgage loans						2						—						2						—						9						8,651						8,662
Tax-exempt loans						—						—						—						—						—						1,541						1,541
Total loans held for investment						$	11					$	—					$	11					$	104					$	24					$	43,965					$	44,104

The preceding table includes $87 million and $96 million at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, of nonaccrual loans which were current pursuant to their contractual terms.

In the normal course of business, we may modify the original terms of a loan agreement. In certain circumstances, we may agree to modify the original terms of a loan agreement to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, which may include a borrower in default, financial distress, bankruptcy or other circumstances. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty typically involve principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay (i.e., payment deferral greater than six months), or a term extension, or any combination thereof. Modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are subject to our nonaccrual policies. Loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty which were modified during the three months ended December 31, 2023 were not significant.

Prior to September 30, 2023, loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, to the extent significant, were considered TDRs. On October 1, 2023, we adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminated the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs. See Note 2 for additional information about this guidance. As of September 30, 2023, TDRs were $21 million, $3 million, and $10 million for C&I loans, CRE loans and residential first mortgage loans, respectively.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Other real estate owned, included in “Other assets” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, was insignificant at both December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023.

Collateral-dependent loans

A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of the underlying collateral. Collateral-dependent loans are recorded based upon the fair value of the collateral less the estimated selling costs. The following table presents the amortized cost of our collateral-dependent loans and the nature of the collateral.

Loan type ($ in millions)						Nature of collateral						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
C&I loans						Commercial real estate and other business assets						$	9					$	11
CRE loans						Office, multi-family residential, healthcare, and industrial real estate						$	146					$	47
Residential mortgage loans						Single family homes						$	4					$	5

CRE collateral dependent loans as of December 31, 2023 included two loans that were placed on nonaccrual status with an associated allowance during the three months ended December 31, 2023. The recorded investments in residential mortgage loans secured by one-to-four family residential properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process were $3 million and $4 million as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

Credit quality indicators

The credit quality of our bank loan portfolio is summarized monthly by management using internal risk ratings, which align with the standard asset classification system utilized by bank regulators.  These classifications are divided into three groups: Not Classified (Pass), Special Mention, and Classified or Adverse Rating (Substandard, Doubtful and Loss). These terms are defined as follows:

Pass – Loans which are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor (or guarantors, if any) or by the fair value, less costs to acquire and sell, of any underlying collateral and generally are performing in accordance with the contractual terms.

Special Mention – Loans which have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. These loans are not adversely classified and do not expose us to sufficient risk to warrant an adverse classification.

Substandard – Loans which are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans with this classification are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans which have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable on the basis of currently-known facts, conditions and values.

Loss – Loans which are considered by management to be uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance on our books as an asset, without establishment of a specific valuation allowance or charge-off, is not warranted.  We do not have any loan balances within this classification because, in accordance with our accounting policy, loans, or a portion thereof considered to be uncollectible are charged-off prior to the assignment of this classification.

25

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

The following tables present our held for investment bank loan portfolio by credit quality indicator. Loans classified as special mention, substandard or doubtful are all considered to be “criticized” loans.

						As of and for the three months ended December 31, 2023
						Loans by origination fiscal year
$ in millions						2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior						Revolving loans												Total
SBL
Risk rating:
Pass						$	31					$	47					$	19					$	82					$	36					$	74					$	14,339											$	14,628
Special mention						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Substandard (1)						19						—						—						—						—						—						—												19
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total SBL						$	50					$	47					$	19					$	82					$	36					$	74					$	14,339											$	14,647
Gross charge-offs						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—											$	—

C&I loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	138					$	732					$	1,206					$	1,067					$	877					$	3,457					$	2,784											$	10,261
Special mention						—						—						5						—						68						—						3												76
Substandard						—						—						—						29						62						59						16												166
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total C&I loans						$	138					$	732					$	1,211					$	1,096					$	1,007					$	3,516					$	2,803											$	10,503
Gross charge-offs						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	1					$	—					$	5					$	—											$	6

CRE loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	131					$	1,182					$	2,317					$	1,107					$	739					$	1,411					$	255											$	7,142
Special mention						—						6						—						—						14						19						—												39
Substandard						—						—						—						5						32						113						—												150
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total CRE loans						$	131					$	1,188					$	2,317					$	1,112					$	785					$	1,543					$	255											$	7,331
Gross charge offs						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	2					$	—											$	2

REIT loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	51					$	236					$	184					$	232					$	103					$	311					$	580											$	1,697
Special mention						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Substandard						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total REIT loans						$	51					$	236					$	184					$	232					$	103					$	311					$	580											$	1,697
Gross charge-offs						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—											$	—

Residential mortgage loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	323					$	1,747					$	2,857					$	1,588					$	903					$	1,388					$	33											$	8,839
Special mention						—						—						2						—						—						5						—												7
Substandard						—						—						2						—						—						13						—												15
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total residential mortgage loans						$	323					$	1,747					$	2,861					$	1,588					$	903					$	1,406					$	33											$	8,861
Gross charge-offs						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—											$	—

Tax-exempt loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	—					$	57					$	270					$	160					$	54					$	870					$	—											$	1,411
Special mention						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Substandard						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total tax-exempt loans						$	—					$	57					$	270					$	160					$	54					$	870					$	—											$	1,411
Gross charge-offs						$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—											$	—

(1)As of December 31, 2023, these balances relate to loans which were collateralized by private securities or other financial instruments with a limited trading market.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

						September 30, 2023
						Loans by origination fiscal year
$ in millions						2023						2022						2021						2020						2019						Prior						Revolving loans												Total
SBL
Risk rating:
Pass						$	74					$	18					$	83					$	40					$	15					$	59					$	14,293											$	14,582
Special mention						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Substandard (1)						—						—						—						—						—						—						24												24
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total SBL						$	74					$	18					$	83					$	40					$	15					$	59					$	14,317											$	14,606

C&I loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	672					$	1,148					$	1,091					$	965					$	1,020					$	2,675					$	2,564											$	10,135
Special mention						—						5						29						69						—						—						4												107
Substandard						—						—						—						62						17						65						17												161
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						3						—												3
Total C&I loans						$	672					$	1,153					$	1,120					$	1,096					$	1,037					$	2,743					$	2,585											$	10,406

CRE loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	1,130					$	2,344					$	1,115					$	766					$	604					$	845					$	220											$	7,024
Special mention						7						—						—						14						5						55						—												81
Substandard						—						—						5						32						12						67						—												116
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total CRE loans						$	1,137					$	2,344					$	1,120					$	812					$	621					$	967					$	220											$	7,221

REIT loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	258					$	200					$	214					$	101					$	172					$	176					$	547											$	1,668
Special mention						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Substandard						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total REIT loans						$	258					$	200					$	214					$	101					$	172					$	176					$	547											$	1,668

Residential mortgage loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	1,765					$	2,889					$	1,607					$	919					$	433					$	992					$	31											$	8,636
Special mention						—						—						2						—						2						5						—												9
Substandard						—						2						—						1						—						14						—												17
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total residential mortgage loans						$	1,765					$	2,891					$	1,609					$	920					$	435					$	1,011					$	31											$	8,662

Tax-exempt loans
Risk rating:
Pass						$	147					$	279					$	161					$	54					$	97					$	803					$	—											$	1,541
Special mention						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Substandard						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Doubtful						—						—						—						—						—						—						—												—
Total tax-exempt loans						$	147					$	279					$	161					$	54					$	97					$	803					$	—											$	1,541

(1)As of September 30, 2023, these balances relate to loans which were collateralized by private securities or other financial instruments with a limited trading market.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

We also monitor the credit quality of the residential mortgage loan portfolio utilizing FICO scores and loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios. A FICO score measures a borrower’s creditworthiness by considering factors such as payment and credit history. LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan. The following table presents the held for investment residential mortgage loan portfolio by LTV ratio at origination and by FICO score.

						December 31, 2023
						Loans by origination fiscal year
$ in millions						2024						2023						2022						2021						2020						Prior						Revolving loans												Total
FICO score:
Below 600						$	—					$	4					$	11					$	3					$	3					$	16					$	—											$	37
600 - 699						23						83						102						65						33						80						3												389
700 - 799						240						1,280						1,581						867						525						770						22												5,285
800 +						60						376						1,167						651						341						537						7												3,139
FICO score not available						—						4						—						2						1						3						1												11
Total						$	323					$	1,747					$	2,861					$	1,588					$	903					$	1,406					$	33											$	8,861
LTV ratio:
Below 80%						$	232					$	1,230					$	2,196					$	1,241					$	703					$	1,073					$	32											$	6,707
80%+						91						517						665						347						200						333						1												2,154
Total						$	323					$	1,747					$	2,861					$	1,588					$	903					$	1,406					$	33											$	8,861

						September 30, 2023
						Loans by origination fiscal year
$ in millions						2022						2021						2020						2019						2018						Prior						Revolving loans												Total
FICO score:
Below 600						$	7					$	1					$	3					$	2					$	3					$	55					$	—											$	71
600 - 699						99						154						106						83						30						79						4												555
700 - 799						1,381						2,327						1,218						666						320						609						20												6,541
800 +						274						407						279						168						77						265						6												1,476
FICO score not available						4						2						3						1						5						3						1												19
Total						$	1,765					$	2,891					$	1,609					$	920					$	435					$	1,011					$	31											$	8,662
LTV ratio:
Below 80%						$	1,244					$	2,218					$	1,257					$	716					$	323					$	780					$	29											$	6,567
80%+						521						673						352						204						112						231						2												2,095
Total						$	1,765					$	2,891					$	1,609					$	920					$	435					$	1,011					$	31											$	8,662

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Allowance for credit losses

The following table presents changes in the allowance for credit losses on held for investment bank loans by portfolio segment.

$ in millions						SBL						C&I loans						CRE loans						REIT loans						Residential mortgage loans						Tax-exempt loans						Total
Three months ended December 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of period						$	7					$	214					$	161					$	16					$	74					$	2					$	474
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses						—						3						14						1						(6)						—						12
Net (charge-offs)/recoveries:
Charge-offs						—						(6)						(2)						—						—						—						(8)
Recoveries						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Net (charge-offs)/recoveries						—						(6)						(2)						—						—						—						(8)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment						—						—						1						—						—						—						1
Balance at end of period						$	7					$	211					$	174					$	17					$	68					$	2					$	479
ACL by loan portfolio segment as a % of total ACL						1.5		%				44.1		%				36.3		%				3.5		%				14.2		%				0.4		%				100.0		%
Three months ended December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of period						$	3					$	226					$	87					$	21					$	57					$	2					$	396
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses						1						—						2						(6)						17						—						14
Net (charge-offs)/recoveries:
Charge-offs						—						(4)						(1)						—						—						—						(5)
Recoveries						—						—						3						—						—						—						3
Net (charge-offs)/recoveries						—						(4)						2						—						—						—						(2)
Foreign exchange translation adjustment						—						—						—						—						—						—						—
Balance at end of period						$	4					$	222					$	91					$	15					$	74					$	2					$	408
ACL by loan portfolio segment as a % of total ACL						1.0		%				54.4		%				22.3		%				3.7		%				18.1		%				0.5		%				100.0		%

The allowance for credit losses on held for investment bank loans increased $5 million during the three months ended December 31, 2023 primarily resulting from provisions for credit losses of $12 million, partially offset by net charge-offs of certain loans during the period. The provision for credit losses for the three months ended December 31, 2023 primarily reflected the impacts of specific reserves in our C&I and CRE loan portfolios, loan downgrades, and charge-offs, partially offset by the favorable impact of loan repayments and sales, which had a larger impact on the current quarter expense than provisions on new loans.

The allowance for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments, which is included in “Other payables” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, was $20 million and $22 million at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

NOTE 8 – LOANS TO FINANCIAL ADVISORS, NET

Loans to financial advisors are primarily comprised of loans originated as a part of our recruiting activities. See Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of our accounting policies related to loans to financial advisors and the related allowance for credit losses. The following table presents the balances for our loans to financial advisors and the related accrued interest receivable.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Affiliated with the firm as of period-end (1)						$	1,206					$	1,158
No longer affiliated with the firm as of period-end (2)						13						10
Total loans to financial advisors						1,219						1,168
Allowance for credit losses						(35)						(32)
Loans to financial advisors, net						$	1,184					$	1,136
Accrued interest receivable on loans to financial advisors (included in “Other receivables, net”)						$	6					$	6
Allowance for credit losses as a percent of total loans to financial advisors						2.87		%				2.74		%

(1)These loans were predominantly current.

(2)These loans were predominantly past due for a period of 180 days or more.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 9 – VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

A VIE requires consolidation by the entity’s primary beneficiary.  We evaluate all of the entities in which we are involved to determine if the entity is a VIE and if so, whether we hold a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary. Refer to Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of our principal involvement with VIEs and the accounting policies regarding determination of whether we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of VIEs.

VIEs where we are the primary beneficiary

Of the VIEs in which we hold an interest, we have determined that certain investments in low-income housing tax credit (“LIHTC”) funds and the trust we utilize in connection with restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards granted to certain employees of one of our Canadian subsidiaries (the “Restricted Stock Trust Fund”) require consolidation in our financial statements, as we are deemed the primary beneficiary of such VIEs.  The aggregate assets and liabilities of the VIEs we consolidate are provided in the following table. Aggregate assets and aggregate liabilities may differ from the consolidated carrying value of assets and liabilities due to the elimination of intercompany assets and liabilities held by the consolidated VIE.

$ in millions						Aggregate assets						Aggregate liabilities
December 31, 2023
LIHTC funds						$	123					$	50
Restricted Stock Trust Fund						29						29
Total						$	152					$	79
September 30, 2023
LIHTC funds						$	51					$	6
Restricted Stock Trust Fund						20						20
Total						$	71					$	26

The following table presents information about the carrying value of the assets and liabilities of the VIEs which we consolidate and which are included on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Intercompany balances are eliminated in consolidation and are not reflected in the following table.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents and assets segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash						$	14					$	5
Other assets						109						46
Total assets						$	123					$	51
Liabilities:
Other payables						$	30					$	—
Total liabilities						$	30					$	—
Noncontrolling interests						$	(9)					$	(27)

VIEs where we hold a variable interest but are not the primary beneficiary

As discussed in Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K, we have concluded that for certain VIEs we are not the primary beneficiary and therefore do not consolidate these VIEs. Such VIEs primarily include certain LIHTC funds, our interests in certain limited partnerships which are part of our private equity portfolio (“Private Equity Interests”), and other limited partnerships. Our risk of loss for these VIEs is limited to our investments in, advances to, and/or receivables due from these VIEs.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Aggregate assets, liabilities, and risk of loss

The aggregate assets, liabilities, and our exposure to loss from those VIEs in which we hold a variable interest, but as to which we have concluded we are not the primary beneficiary, are provided in the following table.

						December 31, 2023																		September 30, 2023
$ in millions						Aggregate assets						Aggregate liabilities						Our risk of loss						Aggregate assets						Aggregate liabilities						Our risk of loss
LIHTC funds						$	8,854					$	3,146					$	47					$	8,451					$	2,964					$	113
Private Equity Interests						2,709						752						101						2,591						655						101
Other						184						69						3						201						84						3
Total						$	11,747					$	3,967					$	151					$	11,243					$	3,703					$	217

NOTE 10 - OTHER ASSETS

The following table details the components of other assets as of the dates indicated. See Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of our accounting polices related to certain of these components.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Investments in company-owned life insurance policies						$	1,228					$	1,110
Property and equipment, net						580						561
Lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets						552						560
Prepaid expenses						257						209
Investments in FHLB and FRB stock						114						114
Client-owned fractional shares						110						98
All other						219						141
Total other assets						$	3,060					$	2,793

See Note 13 of our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information regarding our property and equipment and Note 11 of this Form 10-Q and Note 14 of our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information regarding our leases.

NOTE 11 – LEASES

The following table presents the balances related to our leases on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. See Notes 2 and 14 of our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information related to our leases, including a discussion of our accounting policies.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
ROU assets (included in “Other assets”)						$	552					$	560
Lease liabilities (included in “Other payables”)						$	537					$	539

Lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 excluded $42 million of minimum lease payments related to lease arrangements that were legally binding but had not yet commenced. These leases are estimated to commence between dates later in fiscal year 2024 through fiscal year 2025 with lease terms ranging from four to ten years.

Lease expense

The following table details the components of lease expense, which is included in “Occupancy and equipment” expense on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Lease costs						$	35					$	31
Variable lease costs						$	9					$	7

Variable lease costs in the preceding table include payments required under lease arrangements for common area maintenance charges and other variable costs that are not reflected in the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 12 – BANK DEPOSITS

Bank deposits include money market and savings accounts, interest-bearing demand deposits, which include Negotiable Order of Withdrawal accounts, certificates of deposit, and non-interest-bearing demand deposits held by either of our bank subsidiaries. The following table presents a summary of bank deposits, excluding affiliate deposits, as well as the weighted-average interest rates on such deposits. The calculation of the weighted-average rates was based on the actual deposit balances and rates at each respective period end.

						December 31, 2023												September 30, 2023
$ in millions						Balance						Weighted-average rate						Balance						Weighted-average rate
Money market and savings accounts						$	31,315					1.96		%				$	32,268					1.85		%
Interest-bearing demand deposits						20,423						5.02		%				18,376						4.98		%
Certificates of deposit						2,885						4.63		%				2,831						4.41		%
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits						770						—						724						—
Total bank deposits						$	55,393					3.25		%				$	54,199					3.06		%

Money market and savings accounts in the preceding table included $23.91 billion and $25.36 billion as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, of cash balances which were swept to our Bank segment from the client investment accounts maintained at Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“RJ&A”). Such deposits are held in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”)-insured bank accounts through the Raymond James Bank Deposit Program (“RJBDP”). Total bank deposits in the preceding table included $14.48 billion and $13.59 billion of deposits as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively, associated with our Enhanced Savings Program (“ESP”), in which PCG clients deposit cash in a high-yield Raymond James Bank account. Substantially all of the ESP balances are reflected in interest-bearing demand deposits in the preceding table.

The following table details the amount of total bank deposits (which excludes affiliate deposits) that are FDIC-insured, as well as the amount that exceeded the FDIC insurance limit at each respective period.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
FDIC-insured bank deposits						$	49,152					$	48,344
Bank deposits exceeding FDIC insurance limit (1) (2)						6,241						5,855
Total bank deposits						$	55,393					$	54,199
FDIC-insured bank deposits as a % of total bank deposits						89		%				89		%

(1)Bank deposits that exceeded the FDIC insurance limit were calculated in accordance with applicable regulatory reporting requirements.

(2)Excluded affiliate deposits exceeding the FDIC insurance limit of $924 million and $764 million as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

The following table sets forth the amount of certificates of deposit that exceeded the FDIC insurance limit, categorized by the time remaining until maturity, as of December 31, 2023.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023
Three months or less						$	74
Over three through six months						37
Over six through twelve months						28
Over twelve months						12
Total certificates of deposit that exceeded the FDIC insurance limit (1)						$	151

(1)Total certificates of deposit that exceeded the FDIC insurance limit were calculated in accordance with applicable regulatory reporting requirements.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Interest expense on deposits, excluding interest expense related to affiliate deposits, is summarized in the following table.

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Money market and savings accounts						$	156					$	117
Interest-bearing demand deposits						243						47
Certificates of deposit						32						8
Total interest expense on deposits						$	431					$	172

We use an interest rate swap to manage the risk of increases in interest rates associated with certain money market and savings accounts by converting the balances subject to variable interest rates to a fixed interest rate. See Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding this interest rate swap, which has been designated and accounted for as a cash flow hedge.

NOTE 13 – OTHER BORROWINGS

 

The following table details the components of our other borrowings, which are primarily comprised of short-term and long-term FHLB advances and subordinated notes.

						December 31, 2023												September 30, 2023
$ in millions						Weighted-average interest rate			Maturity date			Balance						Weighted-average interest rate			Maturity date			Balance
FHLB advances:
Floating rate - term						5.71		%	March 2025 - June 2025			$	650					5.62		%	December 2023 - March 2025			$	850
Fixed rate						4.76		%	March 2024 - December 2028			350						5.70		%	December 2023			150
Total FHLB advances												1,000												1,000
Subordinated notes - fixed-to-floating (including an unaccreted premium of $1 and $2, respectively)						5.75		%	May 2030			99						5.75		%	May 2030			100
Total other borrowings												$	1,099											$	1,100

We use interest rate swaps to manage the risk of increases in interest rates associated with the majority our floating-rate FHLB advances by converting the balances subject to variable interest rates to a fixed interest rate. See Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K and Note 5 of this Form 10-Q for information regarding these interest rate swaps, which have been designated and accounted for as cash flow hedges. See Note 6 for additional information regarding bank loans and available-for-sale securities pledged with the FHLB as security for our FHLB borrowings.

Subordinated notes

As of December 31, 2023, we had subordinated notes due May 2030 outstanding, with an aggregate principal amount of $98 million. Our subordinated notes incur interest at a fixed rate of 5.75% until May 2025 and thereafter at a variable interest rate equal to 3-month CME Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a spread adjustment of 5.62% per annum. We may redeem these subordinated notes beginning in August 2025 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date.

Credit Facility

RJF and RJ&A are parties to a revolving credit facility agreement (the “Credit Facility”), a committed unsecured line of credit under which either RJ&A or RJF have the ability to borrow. The Credit Facility has a term through April 2028 and provides for maximum borrowings of up to $750 million. The interest rates on borrowings under the Credit Facility are variable and based on SOFR, as adjusted for RJF’s credit rating. There were no borrowings outstanding on the Credit Facility as of December 31, 2023 or September 30, 2023. There is a facility fee associated with the Credit Facility, which also varies with RJF’s credit rating (the “Variable Rate Facility Fee”). Based upon RJF’s credit rating as of December 31, 2023, the Variable Rate Facility Fee, which is applied to the committed amount, was 0.125% per annum.

For further information on our other borrowing arrangements refer to Note 16 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 14 – INCOME TAXES

The income tax provision for interim periods is comprised of tax on ordinary income provided at the most recent estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for the tax effect of discrete items.  We estimate the annual effective tax rate quarterly based on the forecasted pre-tax results of our U.S. and non-U.S. operations. Items unrelated to current year ordinary income are recognized entirely in the period identified as a discrete item of tax.  These discrete items generally relate to changes in tax laws, adjustments to the actual liability determined upon filing tax returns, excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation and adjustments to previously recorded reserves for uncertain tax positions. For discussion of income tax accounting policies and other income tax related information, see Notes 2 and 18 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Effective tax rate

Our effective income tax rate of 21.0% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 was lower than the 23.7% effective tax rate for our fiscal year 2023. The decrease in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to a larger tax benefit recognized during the current quarter related to share-based compensation that vested during the period, compared to that for the fiscal year 2023. Additionally, our effective income tax rate for the fiscal year 2023 reflected the adverse impact of nondeductible fines and penalties that did not recur during the current quarter.

Uncertain tax positions

Although management cannot predict with any degree of certainty the timing of ultimate resolution of matters under review by various taxing jurisdictions, it is reasonably possible that our uncertain tax position liability balance may decrease within the next 12 months by up to $6 million due to expiration of statutes of limitations of federal and state tax returns.

NOTE 15 – COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND GUARANTEES

Commitments and contingencies

Underwriting commitments

In the normal course of business, we enter into commitments for debt and equity underwritings. As of December 31, 2023, we had no such open underwriting commitments.

Lending commitments and other credit-related financial instruments

We have outstanding, at any time, a significant number of commitments to extend credit and other credit-related off-balance-sheet financial instruments, such as standby letters of credit and loan purchases, which extend over varying periods of time. These arrangements are subject to strict underwriting assessments and each client’s credit worthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Fixed-rate commitments are subject to market risk resulting from fluctuations in interest rates and our exposure is limited to the replacement value of those commitments.

The following table presents our commitments to extend credit and other credit-related off-balance sheet financial instruments outstanding at our Bank segment.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
SBL and other consumer lines of credit						$	39,731					$	38,791
Commercial lines of credit						$	4,144					$	4,131
Unfunded lending commitments						$	869					$	936
Standby letters of credit						$	112					$	123

SBL and other consumer lines of credit primarily represent the unfunded amounts of bank loans to consumers that are primarily secured by marketable securities or other liquid collateral at advance rates consistent with industry standards. The proceeds from repayment or, if necessary, the liquidation of collateral, which is monitored daily, are expected to satisfy the amounts drawn against these existing lines of credit. These lines of credit are primarily uncommitted, as we reserve the right to not make any advances or may terminate these lines at any time.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Because many of our lending commitments expire without being funded in whole or in part, the contractual amounts are not estimates of our actual future credit exposure or future liquidity requirements. The allowance for credit losses calculated under the CECL model provides for potential losses related to the unfunded lending commitments. See Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K and Note 7 of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding this allowance for credit losses related to unfunded lending commitments.

RJ&A enters into margin lending arrangements which allow clients to borrow against the value of qualifying securities. Margin loans are collateralized by the securities held in the client’s account at RJ&A. Collateral levels and established credit terms are monitored daily and we require clients to deposit additional collateral or reduce balances as necessary.

We offer loans to prospective financial advisors for recruiting and retention purposes (see Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K and Note 8 of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our loans to financial advisors). These offers are contingent upon certain events occurring, including the individuals joining us and meeting certain other conditions outlined in their offer. We had no such unfunded commitments for loans to financial advisors who have met such conditions as of December 31, 2023.

Investment commitments

We had unfunded commitments to various investments, primarily held by Raymond James Bank and TriState Capital Bank, of $63 million as of December 31, 2023.

Other commitments

Raymond James Affordable Housing Investments, Inc. (“RJAHI”) sells investments in project partnerships to various LIHTC funds, which have third-party investors, and for which RJAHI serves as the managing member or general partner. RJAHI typically sells investments in project partnerships to LIHTC funds within 90 days of their acquisition. Until such investments are sold to LIHTC funds, RJAHI is responsible for funding investment commitments to such partnerships. As of December 31, 2023, RJAHI had committed approximately $248 million to project partnerships that had not yet been sold to LIHTC funds. Because we expect to sell these project partnerships to LIHTC funds and the equity funding events arise over future periods, the contractual commitments are not expected to materially impact our future liquidity requirements. RJAHI may also make short-term loans or advances to project partnerships and LIHTC funds.

For information regarding our lease commitments see Note 11 of this Form 10-Q and for information on the maturities of our lease liabilities see Note 14 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Guarantees

Our U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are required by federal law to be members of the Securities Investors Protection Corporation (“SIPC”). The SIPC fund provides protection up to $500 thousand per client for securities and cash held in client accounts, including a limitation of $250 thousand on claims for cash balances. We have purchased excess SIPC coverage through various syndicates of Lloyd’s of London. For RJ&A, our clearing broker-dealer, the additional protection currently provided has an aggregate firm limit of $750 million for cash and securities, including a sub-limit of $1.9 million per client for cash above basic SIPC. Account protection applies when a SIPC member fails financially and is unable to meet its obligations to clients. This coverage does not protect against market fluctuations. RJF has provided an indemnity to Lloyd’s of London against any and all losses they may incur associated with the excess SIPC policies.

Legal and regulatory matters contingencies

In the normal course of our business, we have been named, from time to time, as a defendant in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation, arising in connection with our activities as a diversified financial services institution.

RJF and certain of its subsidiaries are subject to regular reviews and inspections by regulatory authorities and self-regulatory organizations. Reviews can result in the imposition of sanctions for regulatory violations, ranging from non-monetary censures to fines and, in serious cases, temporary or permanent suspension from conducting business, or limitations on certain business activities. In addition, regulatory agencies and self-regulatory organizations institute investigations from time to time, among other things, into industry practices, which can also result in the imposition of such sanctions. For example, the firm has cooperated with the SEC in connection with an investigation of the firm’s investment advisory business’ compliance with records preservation requirements relating to business communications sent over electronic messaging channels that have not been approved by the firm. The SEC is reportedly conducting similar investigations of record preservation practices at other

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

financial institutions. As of December 31, 2023, we continue to maintain an accrual related to this SEC investigation in our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with our contingent liabilities accounting policy. Refer to Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of our criteria for recognizing liabilities for contingencies.

We may contest liability and/or the amount of damages, as appropriate, in each pending matter. The level of litigation and investigatory activity (both formal and informal) by government and self-regulatory agencies in the financial services industry continues to be significant. There can be no assurance that material losses will not be incurred from claims that have not yet been asserted or are not yet determined to be material.

For many legal and regulatory matters, we are unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss as we cannot predict if, how or when such proceedings or investigations will be resolved or what the eventual settlement, fine, penalty or other relief, if any, may be. A large number of factors may contribute to this inherent unpredictability: the proceeding is in its early stages; the damages sought are unspecified, unsupported or uncertain; it is unclear whether a case brought as a class action will be allowed to proceed on that basis; the other party is seeking relief other than or in addition to compensatory damages (including, in the case of regulatory and governmental proceedings, potential fines and penalties); the matters present significant legal uncertainties; we have not engaged in settlement discussions; discovery is not complete; there are significant facts in dispute; and numerous parties are named as defendants (including where it is uncertain how liability might be shared among defendants). Subject to the foregoing, after consultation with counsel, we believe that the outcome of such litigation and regulatory proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. However, the outcome of such litigation and regulatory proceedings could be material to our operating results and cash flows for a particular future period, depending on, among other things, our revenues or income for such period.

There are certain matters for which we are unable to estimate the upper end of the range of reasonably possible loss. With respect to legal and regulatory matters for which management has been able to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss as of December 31, 2023, we estimated the upper end of the range of reasonably possible aggregate loss to be approximately $35 million in excess of the aggregate accruals for such matters.  Refer to Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of our criteria for recognizing liabilities for contingencies.

NOTE 16 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred stock

The following table details the shares outstanding, carrying value, and aggregate liquidation preference of our preferred stock. For further details regarding our preferred stock see Note 20 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
6.375% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series B Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series B Preferred Stock”):
Shares outstanding						80,500						80,500
Carrying value						$	79					$	79
Aggregate liquidation preference						$	81					$	81

The following table details dividends declared and dividends paid on our 6.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) and Series B Preferred Stock for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. We redeemed all outstanding shares of our Series A Preferred Stock on April 3, 2023.

						Dividends declared												Dividends paid
$ in millions, except per share amounts						Total dividends						Per preferred share amount						Total dividends						Per preferred share amount
Three months ended December 31, 2023
Series B Preferred Stock						$	1					$	15.94					$	1					$	15.94
Three months ended December 31, 2022
Series A Preferred Stock						$	1					$	16.88					$	1					$	16.88
Series B Preferred Stock						1						$	15.94					1						$	15.94
Total						$	2											$	2

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Common equity

The following table presents the changes in our common shares outstanding for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

						Three months ended December 31,
Shares in millions						2023						2022
Balance beginning of period						208.8						215.1
Repurchases of common stock						(1.4)						(1.3)
Issuances due to vesting of RSUs and exercise of stock options, net of forfeitures						1.3						1.2
Balance end of period						208.7						215.0

We issue shares from time to time during the year to satisfy obligations under certain of our share-based compensation programs, some of which may be reissued out of treasury shares. See Note 19 of this Form 10-Q and Note 23 of our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on these programs.

Share repurchases

We repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time for a number of reasons, including to offset dilution, which could arise from share issuances resulting from share-based compensation programs or acquisitions. In November 2023, our Board of Directors authorized common stock repurchases of up to $1.5 billion, which replaced the previous authorization. Our share repurchases are effected primarily through regular open-market purchases, typically under a SEC Rule 10b-18 plan, the amounts and timing of which are determined primarily by our current and projected capital position, applicable legal and regulatory constraints, general market conditions and the price and trading volumes of our common stock. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased 1.41 million shares of our common stock for $150 million at an average price of $106.51 per share. As of December 31, 2023, $1.39 billion remained available under the Board of Directors’ common stock repurchase authorization.

Common stock dividends

Dividends per common share declared and paid are detailed in the following table for each respective period.

						Three months ended December 31,
						2023						2022
Dividends per common share - declared						$	0.45					$	0.42
Dividends per common share - paid						$	0.42					$	0.34

Our dividend payout ratio is detailed in the following table for each respective period and is computed by dividing dividends declared per common share by earnings per diluted common share.

						Three months ended December 31,
						2023						2022
Dividend payout ratio						19.4		%				18.3		%

We expect to continue paying cash dividends; however, the payment and rate of dividends on our common stock are subject to several factors including our operating results, financial and regulatory requirements or restrictions, and the availability of funds from our subsidiaries, including our broker-dealer and bank subsidiaries, which may also be subject to restrictions under regulatory capital rules. The availability of funds from subsidiaries may also be subject to restrictions contained in loan covenants of certain broker-dealer loan agreements and restrictions by bank regulators on dividends to the parent from our bank subsidiaries. See Note 20 of this Form 10-Q for additional information on our regulatory capital requirements.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

All of the components of other comprehensive income/(loss) (“OCI”), net of tax, were attributable to RJF. The following table presents the net change in AOCI as well as the changes, and the related tax effects, of each component of AOCI.

$ in millions						Net investment hedges						Currency translations						Subtotal: net investment hedges and currency translations						Available- for-sale securities						Cash flow hedges						Total
Three months ended December 31, 2023
AOCI as of beginning of period						$	143					$	(216)					$	(73)					$	(942)					$	44					$	(971)
OCI:
OCI before reclassifications and taxes						(29)						51						22						358						(18)						362
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, before tax						—						—						—						—						(10)						(10)
Pre-tax net OCI						(29)						51						22						358						(28)						352
Income tax effect						7						—						7						(88)						7						(74)
OCI for the period, net of tax						(22)						51						29						270						(21)						278
AOCI as of end of period						$	121					$	(165)					$	(44)					$	(672)					$	23					$	(693)
Three months ended December 31, 2022
AOCI as of beginning of period						$	153					$	(276)					$	(123)					$	(902)					$	43					$	(982)
OCI:
OCI before reclassifications and taxes						(19)						60						41						85						2						128
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, before tax						—						—						—						—						(5)						(5)
Pre-tax net OCI						(19)						60						41						85						(3)						123
Income tax effect						5						—						5						(38)						1						(32)
OCI for the period, net of tax						(14)						60						46						47						(2)						91
AOCI as of end of period						$	139					$	(216)					$	(77)					$	(855)					$	41					$	(891)

Reclassifications from AOCI to net income, excluding taxes, for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were recorded in “Interest expense” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

Our net investment hedges and cash flow hedges relate to derivatives associated with our Bank segment. For further information about our significant accounting policies related to derivatives, see Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K. In addition, see Note 5 of this Form 10-Q for additional information on these derivatives.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 17 – REVENUES

The following tables present our sources of revenues by segment. For further information about our significant accounting policies related to revenue recognition see Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K. See Note 26 of our 2023 Form 10-K and Note 22 of this Form 10-Q for additional information on our segments.

						Three months ended December 31, 2023
$ in millions						Private Client Group						Capital Markets						Asset Management						Bank						Other and intersegment eliminations						Total
Revenues:
Asset management and related administrative fees						$	1,191					$	—					$	224					$	—					$	(8)					$	1,407
Brokerage revenues:
Securities commissions:
Mutual and other fund products						136						2						2						—						(3)						137
Insurance and annuity products						125						—						—						—						—						125
Equities, exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and fixed income products						89						33						—						—						(1)						121
Subtotal securities commissions						350						35						2						—						(4)						383
Principal transactions (1)						32						105						—						2						—						139
Total brokerage revenues						382						140						2						2						(4)						522
Account and service fees:
Mutual fund and annuity service fees						106						—						1						—						(1)						106
RJBDP fees						375						1						—						—						(224)						152
Client account and other fees						65						2						5						—						(11)						61
Total account and service fees						546						3						6						—						(236)						319
Investment banking:
Merger & acquisition and advisory						—						118						—						—						—						118
Equity underwriting						11						26						—						—						—						37
Debt underwriting						—						26						—						—						—						26
Total investment banking						11						170						—						—						—						181
Other:
Affordable housing investments business revenues						—						23						—						—						—						23
All other (1)						4						1						—						13						(3)						15
Total other						4						24						—						13						(3)						38
Total non-interest revenues						2,134						337						232						15						(251)						2,467
Interest income (1)						118						23						3						872						37						1,053
Total revenues						2,252						360						235						887						(214)						3,520
Interest expense						(26)						(22)						—						(446)						(13)						(507)
Net revenues						$	2,226					$	338					$	235					$	441					$	(227)					$	3,013

(1)These revenues are generally not in scope of the accounting guidance for revenue from contracts with customers.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

						Three months ended December 31, 2022
$ in millions						Private Client Group						Capital Markets						Asset Management						Bank						Other and intersegment eliminations						Total
Revenues:
Asset management and related administrative fees						$	1,053					$	1					$	197					$	—					$	(9)					$	1,242
Brokerage revenues:
Securities commissions:
Mutual and other fund products						128						1						1						—						—						130
Insurance and annuity products						104						—						—						—						—						104
Equities, ETFs and fixed income products						85						33						—						—						—						118
Subtotal securities commissions						317						34						1						—						—						352
Principal transactions (1)						28						100						—						4						—						132
Total brokerage revenues						345						134						1						4						—						484
Account and service fees:
Mutual fund and annuity service fees						98						—						—						—						—						98
RJBDP fees						405						1						—						—						(269)						137
Client account and other fees						60						2						5						—						(13)						54
Total account and service fees						563						3						5						—						(282)						289
Investment banking:
Merger & acquisition and advisory						—						102						—						—						—						102
Equity underwriting						9						15						—						—						(1)						23
Debt underwriting						—						16						—						—						—						16
Total investment banking						9						133						—						—						(1)						141
Other:
Affordable housing investments business revenues						—						24						—						—						—						24
All other (1)						6						—						2						13						(1)						20
Total other						6						24						2						13						(1)						44
Total non-interest revenues						1,976						295						205						17						(293)						2,200
Interest income (1)						109						23						2						676						17						827
Total revenues						2,085						318						207						693						(276)						3,027
Interest expense						(22)						(23)						—						(185)						(11)						(241)
Net revenues						$	2,063					$	295					$	207					$	508					$	(287)					$	2,786

(1)These revenues are generally not in scope of the accounting guidance for revenue from contracts with customers.

At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, net receivables related to contracts with customers were $481 million and $519 million, respectively.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 18 – INTEREST INCOME AND INTEREST EXPENSE

The following table details the components of interest income and interest expense.

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Interest income:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	132					$	55
Assets segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash						47						50
Trading assets — debt securities						15						14
Available-for-sale securities						56						53
Brokerage client receivables						45						41
Bank loans, net						734						599
All other						24						15
Total interest income						$	1,053					$	827
Interest expense:
Bank deposits						$	431					$	172
Trading liabilities — debt securities						11						10
Brokerage client payables						20						17
Other borrowings						8						9
Senior notes payable						23						23
All other						14						10
Total interest expense						$	507					$	241
Net interest income						$	546					$	586
Bank loan provision for credit losses						(12)						(14)
Net interest income after bank loan provision for credit losses						$	534					$	572

Interest expense related to bank deposits in the preceding table excludes interest expense associated with affiliate deposits, which has been eliminated in consolidation.

NOTE 19 – SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

We have one share-based compensation plan, the Raymond James Financial, Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Stock Incentive Plan (“the Plan”), for our employees, Board of Directors, and independent contractor financial advisors. We may utilize treasury shares for grants under the Plan, though we are also permitted to issue new shares. Our share-based compensation awards are primarily issued during the first quarter of each fiscal year. Our share-based compensation accounting policies are described in Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K.  Other information related to our share-based awards is presented in Note 23 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Restricted stock units

During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we granted approximately 1.7 million RSUs with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $106.68, compared with approximately 1.9 million RSUs granted during the three months ended December 31, 2022, with a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $117.66. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, total share-based compensation amortization related to RSUs was $87 million, compared with $76 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, there were $425 million of total pre-tax compensation costs not yet recognized (net of estimated forfeitures) related to RSUs, including those granted during the three months ended December 31, 2023. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of three years.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Restricted stock awards

Restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) were issued as a component of our total purchase consideration for TriState Capital on June 1, 2022, in accordance with the terms of the acquisition. See Note 23 of our 2023 Form 10-K for further discussion of these awards. For the three months ended December 31, 2023 total share-based compensation amortization related to these RSAs was $2 million, compared with $3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, there were $10 million of total pre-tax compensation costs not yet recognized for these RSAs. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of two years.

NOTE 20 – REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

RJF, as a bank holding company and financial holding company, as well as Raymond James Bank, TriState Capital Bank, our broker-dealer subsidiaries and our trust subsidiaries are subject to capital requirements by various regulatory authorities. Capital levels of each entity are monitored to ensure compliance with our various regulatory capital requirements.  Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial results.

As a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”) that has made an election to be a financial holding company, RJF is subject to supervision, examination, and regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“the Fed”). We are subject to the Fed’s capital rules which establish an integrated regulatory capital framework and implement, in the U.S., the Basel III regulatory capital reforms from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. We apply the standardized approach for calculating risk-weighted assets and are also subject to the market risk provisions of the Fed’s capital rules (“market risk rule”).

Under these rules, minimum requirements are established for both the quantity and quality of capital held by banking organizations. RJF, Raymond James Bank, and TriState Capital Bank are required to maintain minimum leverage ratios (defined as tier 1 capital divided by adjusted average assets), as well as minimum ratios of tier 1 capital, common equity tier 1 (“CET1”), and total capital to risk-weighted assets. These capital ratios incorporate quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under the regulatory capital rules and are subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings, and other factors. We calculate these ratios in order to assess compliance with both regulatory requirements and internal capital policies. In order to maintain our ability to take certain capital actions, including dividends and common equity repurchases, and to make bonus payments, we must hold a capital conservation buffer above our minimum risk-based capital requirements. As of December 31, 2023, capital levels at RJF, Raymond James Bank, and TriState Capital Bank exceeded the capital conservation buffer requirement and each entity was categorized as “well-capitalized.”

For further discussion of regulatory capital requirements applicable to certain of our businesses and subsidiaries, see Note 24 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

To meet requirements for capital adequacy or to be categorized as “well-capitalized,” RJF must maintain minimum Tier 1 leverage, Tier 1 capital, CET1, and Total capital amounts and ratios as set forth in the following table.

						Actual												Requirement for capital adequacy purposes												To be well-capitalized under regulatory provisions
$ in millions						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio
RJF as of December 31, 2023:
Tier 1 leverage						$	9,646					12.1		%				$	3,185					4.0		%				$	3,981					5.0		%
Tier 1 capital						$	9,646					21.6		%				$	2,676					6.0		%				$	3,568					8.0		%
CET1						$	9,570					21.5		%				$	2,007					4.5		%				$	2,899					6.5		%
Total capital						$	10,271					23.0		%				$	3,568					8.0		%				$	4,461					10.0		%
RJF as of September 30, 2023:
Tier 1 leverage						$	9,321					11.9		%				$	3,123					4.0		%				$	3,904					5.0		%
Tier 1 capital						$	9,321					21.4		%				$	2,613					6.0		%				$	3,484					8.0		%
CET1						$	9,245					21.2		%				$	1,960					4.5		%				$	2,831					6.5		%
Total capital						$	9,934					22.8		%				$	3,484					8.0		%				$	4,355					10.0		%

As of December 31, 2023, RJF’s regulatory capital increase compared with September 30, 2023 was driven by an increase in equity due to positive earnings, partially offset by share repurchases and dividends. RJF’s Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios increased compared with September 30, 2023 resulting from the increase in regulatory capital, partially offset by an increase in risk-weighted assets. The increase in risk-weighted assets was primarily driven by an increase in our bank loan portfolio and company-owned life insurance policies. RJF’s Tier 1 leverage ratio at December 31, 2023 increased compared to September 30, 2023 due to the increase in regulatory capital, which was partially offset by higher average assets, primarily driven by an increase in cash and our bank loan portfolio.

To meet the requirements for capital adequacy or to be categorized as “well-capitalized,” Raymond James Bank and TriState Capital Bank must maintain Tier 1 leverage, Tier 1 capital, CET1, and Total capital amounts and ratios as set forth in the following tables. Our intention is to maintain Raymond James Bank’s and TriState Capital Bank’s “well-capitalized” status. In the unlikely event that Raymond James Bank or TriState Capital Bank failed to maintain their “well-capitalized” status, the consequences could include a requirement to obtain a waiver from the FDIC prior to acceptance, renewal, or rollover of brokered deposits and result in higher FDIC premiums, but would not significantly impact our operations.

						Actual												Requirement for capital adequacy purposes												To be well-capitalized under regulatory provisions
$ in millions						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio						Amount						Ratio
Raymond James Bank as of December 31, 2023:
Tier 1 leverage						$	3,375					7.9		%				$	1,702					4.0		%				$	2,127					5.0		%
Tier 1 capital						$	3,375					13.9		%				$	1,457					6.0		%				$	1,942					8.0		%
CET1						$	3,375					13.9		%				$	1,093					4.5		%				$	1,578					6.5		%
Total capital						$	3,681					15.2		%				$	1,942					8.0		%				$	2,428					10.0		%
Raymond James Bank as of September 30, 2023:
Tier 1 leverage						$	3,355					7.8		%				$	1,710					4.0		%				$	2,137					5.0		%
Tier 1 capital						$	3,355					13.7		%				$	1,465					6.0		%				$	1,954					8.0		%
CET1						$	3,355					13.7		%				$	1,099					4.5		%				$	1,587					6.5		%
Total capital						$	3,662					15.0		%				$	1,954					8.0		%				$	2,442					10.0		%
TriState Capital Bank as of December 31, 2023:
Tier 1 leverage						$	1,358					7.1		%				$	764					4.0		%				$	956					5.0		%
Tier 1 capital						$	1,358					15.2		%				$	536					6.0		%				$	715					8.0		%
CET1						$	1,358					15.2		%				$	402					4.5		%				$	581					6.5		%
Total capital						$	1,403					15.7		%				$	715					8.0		%				$	894					10.0		%
TriState Capital Bank as of September 30, 2023:
Tier 1 leverage						$	1,290					7.2		%				$	721					4.0		%				$	902					5.0		%
Tier 1 capital						$	1,290					14.8		%				$	524					6.0		%				$	699					8.0		%
CET1						$	1,290					14.8		%				$	393					4.5		%				$	568					6.5		%
Total capital						$	1,333					15.3		%				$	699					8.0		%				$	874					10.0		%

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

Our bank subsidiaries may pay dividends to RJF without prior approval of their respective regulators subject to certain restrictions including retained net income and targeted regulatory capital ratios. Dividends paid to RJF from our bank subsidiaries may be limited to the extent that capital is needed to support their balance sheet growth.

Certain of our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to the requirements of the Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The following table presents the net capital position of RJ&A.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Raymond James & Associates, Inc.:
(Alternative Method elected)
Net capital as a percent of aggregate debit items						38.5		%				43.3		%
Net capital						$	988					$	1,035
Less: required net capital						(51)						(48)
Excess net capital						$	937					$	987

As of December 31, 2023, all of our other active regulated domestic and international subsidiaries were in compliance with and exceeded all applicable capital requirements.

NOTE 21 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share.

						Three months ended December 31,
in millions, except per share amounts						2023						2022
Income for basic earnings per common share:
Net income available to common shareholders						$	497					$	507
Less allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities						(1)						(1)
Net income available to common shareholders after participating securities						$	496					$	506
Income for diluted earnings per common share:
Net income available to common shareholders						$	497					$	507
Less allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities						(1)						(1)
Net income available to common shareholders after participating securities						$	496					$	506
Common shares:
Average common shares in basic computation						208.6						214.7
Dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and certain RSUs						5.2						5.7
Average common and common equivalent shares used in diluted computation						213.8						220.4
Earnings per common share:
Basic						$	2.38					$	2.36
Diluted						$	2.32					$	2.30
Stock options and certain RSUs excluded from weighted-average diluted common shares because their effect would be antidilutive						1.2						1.2

The allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities in the preceding table represents dividends paid during the period to participating securities, consisting of RSAs and certain RSUs, plus an allocation of undistributed earnings to such participating securities. Participating securities and related dividends paid on these participating securities were insignificant for each of the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.  Undistributed earnings are allocated to participating securities based upon their right to share in earnings if all earnings for the period had been distributed.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

NOTE 22 – SEGMENT INFORMATION

We currently operate through the following five segments: PCG; Capital Markets; Asset Management; Bank; and Other.

The segments are determined based upon factors such as the services provided and the distribution channels served and are consistent with how we assess performance and determine how to allocate our resources. For a further discussion of our segments, see Note 26 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

The following table presents information concerning operations in these segments.

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Net revenues:
Private Client Group						$	2,226					$	2,063
Capital Markets						338						295
Asset Management						235						207
Bank						441						508
Other						26						9
Intersegment eliminations						(253)						(296)
Total net revenues						$	3,013					$	2,786
Pre-tax income/(loss):
Private Client Group						$	439					$	434
Capital Markets						3						(16)
Asset Management						93						80
Bank						92						136
Other						3						18
Total pre-tax income						$	630					$	652

No individual client accounted for more than ten percent of revenues in any of the periods presented.

The following table presents our net interest income on a segment basis.

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Net interest income:
Private Client Group						$	92					$	87
Capital Markets						1						—
Asset Management						3						2
Bank						426						491
Other						24						6
Net interest income						$	546					$	586

The following table presents our total assets on a segment basis.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Total assets:
Private Client Group						$	12,744					$	12,375
Capital Markets						2,732						3,087
Asset Management						569						567
Bank						61,517						60,041
Other						2,568						2,290
Total						$	80,130					$	78,360

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)						Index

The following table presents goodwill, which was included in our total assets, on a segment basis.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Goodwill:
Private Client Group						$	571					$	564
Capital Markets						275						275
Asset Management						69						69
Bank						529						529
Total						$	1,444					$	1,437

We have operations in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. The vast majority of our long-lived assets are located in the U.S.  The following table presents our net revenues and pre-tax income/(loss) classified by major geographic area in which they were earned.

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Net revenues:
U.S.						$	2,761					$	2,540
Canada						139						134
Europe						113						112
Total						$	3,013					$	2,786
Pre-tax income/(loss):
U.S.						$	605					$	609
Canada						27						31
Europe						(2)						12
Total						$	630					$	652

The following table presents our total assets by major geographic area in which they were held.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Total assets:
U.S.						$	74,319					$	72,506
Canada						3,382						3,404
Europe						2,429						2,450
Total						$	80,130					$	78,360

The following table presents goodwill, which was included in our total assets, classified by major geographic area in which it was held.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Goodwill:
U.S.						$	1,250					$	1,250
Canada						25						25
Europe						169						162
Total						$	1,444					$	1,437

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES						Index

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INDEX
			PAGE
Factors affecting “forward-looking statements”			48
Introduction			48
Executive overview			48
Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures			50
Net interest analysis			52
Results of operations
Private Client Group			55
Capital Markets			59
Asset Management			60
Bank			63
Other			64
Statement of financial condition analysis			64
Liquidity and capital resources			65
Regulatory			71
Critical accounting estimates			71
Accounting standards update			72
Risk management			73

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

FACTORS AFFECTING “FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS”

Certain statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may constitute “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include information concerning future strategic objectives, business prospects, anticipated savings, financial results (including expenses, earnings, liquidity, cash flow and capital expenditures), industry or market conditions (including changes in interest rates and inflation), demand for and pricing of our products (including cash sweep and deposit offerings), acquisitions, anticipated results of litigation, regulatory developments, and general economic conditions. In addition, words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” and future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” and “would,” as well as any other statement that necessarily depends on future events, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees, and they involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Although we make such statements based on assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. We caution investors not to rely unduly on any forward-looking statements and urge you to carefully consider the risks described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, which are available at www.raymondjames.com and the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statement in the event it later turns out to be inaccurate, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

INTRODUCTION

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of our operations and financial condition. This MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements. Where “NM” is used in various percentage change computations, the computed percentage change has been determined to be not meaningful.

We operate as a financial holding company and bank holding company. Results in the businesses in which we operate are highly correlated to general economic conditions and, more specifically, to the direction of the U.S. equity and fixed income markets, changes in interest rates, market volatility, corporate and mortgage lending markets and commercial and residential credit trends.  Overall market conditions, economic, political and regulatory trends, and industry competition are among the factors which could affect us and which are unpredictable and beyond our control.  These factors affect the financial decisions made by market participants, including investors, borrowers, and competitors, impacting their level of participation in the financial markets. These factors also impact the level of investment banking activity and asset valuations, which ultimately affect our business results.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Quarter ended December 31, 2023 compared with the quarter ended December 31, 2022

For our fiscal first quarter of 2024, we generated net revenues of $3.01 billion, an increase of 8% compared with the prior-year quarter, while pre-tax income of $630 million decreased $22 million, or 3%. Our net income available to common shareholders of $497 million decreased 2%, and our earnings per diluted share were $2.32, reflecting an increase of 1%. Our annualized return on common equity (“ROCE”) for the quarter was 19.1%, compared with 21.3% for the prior-year quarter, and our annualized return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”) was 23.0%(1), compared with 26.2%(1) for the prior-year quarter. Excluding the impact of $23 million of expenses related to acquisitions completed in prior years, such as compensation related to retention awards and amortization of identifiable intangible assets, our adjusted net income available to common shareholders was $514 million(1) for the three months ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $9 million, or 2%, compared with adjusted net income available to common shareholders for the prior-year quarter which, in addition to acquisition-related expenses, excluded the impact of a $32 million favorable insurance settlement received in the prior-year quarter related to a previously-settled legal matter, which did not recur. Our adjusted earnings per diluted share were $2.40(1), an increase of 5% compared with the prior-year quarter. Adjusted annualized ROCE for the quarter was 19.7%(1) and adjusted annualized ROTCE was 23.8%(1) compared with adjusted annualized ROCE of 21.2%(1) and adjusted annualized ROTCE of 26.1%(1) for the prior-year quarter.

(1)ROTCE, adjusted net income available to common shareholders, adjusted earnings per diluted share, adjusted annualized ROCE, and adjusted annualized ROTCE are non-GAAP financial measures. Please see the “Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures” in this MD&A for a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, and for other important disclosures.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

The increase in net revenues compared with the prior-year quarter was primarily due to higher asset management and related administrative fees, largely the result of higher PCG client assets in fee-based accounts at the beginning of the current quarter compared with the prior-year quarter. Investment banking revenues increased compared with the prior-year quarter but continued to be impacted by market uncertainty, which negatively impacted industry-wide investment banking activity. Brokerage revenues also increased compared with the prior-year quarter largely due to an increase in client activity in the PCG segment. Offsetting these increases was a decrease in combined net interest income and RJBDP fees of $25 million, or 3%, as the benefits of higher short-term interest rates on net interest income and RJBDP fees from third-party banks and of higher average interest-earning assets were more than offset by a significant increase in interest expense, primarily resulting from a shift in the mix of deposit balances at our Bank segment, as lower-cost RJBDP balances declined compared with the prior-year quarter, while balances in the higher-cost ESP, which was launched to PCG clients in March 2023, continued to increase.

Compensation, commissions and benefits expense increased 11%, primarily due to an increase in compensable revenues, as well as an increase in compensation costs both to support our growth and annual cost increases, including salaries. Our compensation ratio, or the ratio of compensation, commissions and benefits expense to net revenues, was 63.8%, compared with 62.3% for the prior-year quarter. Excluding acquisition-related compensation expenses, our adjusted compensation ratio was 63.4%(1), compared with 61.7%(1) for the prior-year quarter. The increase in the compensation ratio primarily resulted from changes in our revenue mix due to increases in compensable revenues compared with the prior-year quarter, as well as a decrease in combined net interest income and RJBDP fees from third-party banks, which have little associated direct compensation.

Non-compensation expenses increased $64 million, or 16%, largely due to the favorable impact of a $32 million insurance settlement received in the prior-year quarter related to a previously settled litigation matter, the impact of a FDIC special assessment of $9 million, as well as higher communications and information processing expenses, primarily resulting from continued investments in technology to support our growth.

Our effective income tax rate was 21.0% for our fiscal first quarter of 2024, a slight decrease compared with the 21.9% effective income tax rate for the prior-year quarter.

As of December 31, 2023, our Tier 1 leverage ratio of 12.1% and Total capital ratio of 23.0% were both significantly higher than the regulatory requirement to be considered well-capitalized. We also continue to have substantial liquidity with $2.1 billion(2) of cash at the parent as of December 31, 2023. We believe our capital and funding position provides us the opportunity to manage our balance sheet prudently and to continue to be opportunistic and invest in growth. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we repurchased 1.41 million shares of our common stock for $150 million at an average price of $106.51 per share under the Board of Directors’ common stock repurchase authorization. After the effect of those repurchases, $1.39 billion remained under such authorization. We currently expect to continue to repurchase our common stock in our fiscal second quarter of 2024 to offset the remaining impact of shares issued with the acquisition of TriState Capital in fiscal 2022 and to offset dilution from share-based compensation; however, we will continue to monitor market conditions and other capital needs as we consider these repurchases.

As we look ahead to our fiscal second quarter of 2024, we believe we are well-positioned for long-term growth, with our strong capital position and total client assets under administration of $1.37 trillion. We expect our fiscal second quarter of 2024 results to be favorably impacted by higher asset management and related administrative fees, which will benefit from the 9% sequential increase in both PCG fee-based assets and financial assets under management as of December 31, 2023. In addition, our financial advisor recruiting activity remains robust, including a strong recruiting pipeline. However, absent a change to interest rates from December 31, 2023 levels, we expect our combined net interest income and RJBDP fees from third-party banks to further decline an estimated 5% in total in our fiscal second quarter compared with our fiscal first quarter of 2024 due to lower net interest income in our Bank segment reflecting the impact from higher-cost diversified funding sources, including our ESP which was launched to PCG clients in March 2023. While we have a healthy investment banking pipeline and we believe the environment for M&A and advisory activity is improving, the pace and timing of transactions are heavily influenced by market conditions, and we expect investment banking activity to continue to be negatively impacted by market uncertainty during our fiscal second quarter of 2024 but start to improve later in our fiscal 2024. We expect to continue to experience headwinds for brokerage revenues due to flat or declining cash balances at many of our depository institution clients. In addition, although we have proactively taken steps to manage our credit risk in our loan portfolio, future economic deterioration or changes in our macroeconomic outlook could result in increased bank loan provisions for credit losses in future periods.

(1)Adjusted compensation ratio is a non-GAAP financial measure. Please see the “Reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures” in this MD&A for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, and for other important disclosures.

(2)For additional information, please see the “Liquidity and capital resources - Sources of liquidity” section in this MD&A.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES TO GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

We utilize certain non-GAAP financial measures as additional measures to aid in, and enhance, the understanding of our financial results and related measures. These non-GAAP financial measures have been separately identified in this document. We believe certain of these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to management and investors by excluding certain material items that may not be indicative of our core operating results. We utilize these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing the financial performance of the business, as they facilitate a comparison of current- and prior-period results. We believe that ROTCE is meaningful to investors as it facilitates comparisons of our results to the results of other companies. In the following tables, the tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments reflects the statutory rate associated with each non-GAAP item. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures of other companies. The following tables provide a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions, except per share amounts						2023						2022
Net income available to common shareholders						$	497					$	507
Non-GAAP adjustments:
Expenses related to acquisitions:
Compensation, commissions and benefits — Acquisition-related retention						11						18
Professional fees						1						—
Other — Amortization of identifiable intangible assets						11						11
Total expenses related to acquisitions						23						29
Other — Insurance settlement received						—						(32)
Pre-tax impact of non-GAAP adjustments						23						(3)
Tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments						(6)						1
Total non-GAAP adjustments, net of tax						17						(2)
Adjusted net income available to common shareholders						$	514					$	505
Pre-tax income						$	630					$	652
Pre-tax impact of non-GAAP adjustments (as detailed above)						23						(3)
Adjusted pre-tax income						$	653					$	649
Compensation, commissions and benefits expense						$	1,921					$	1,736
Less: Acquisition-related retention (as detailed above)						11						18
Adjusted “Compensation, commissions and benefits” expense						$	1,910					$	1,718

Total compensation ratio									63.8		%				62.3		%
Less the impact of non-GAAP adjustments on compensation ratio:
Acquisition-related retention									0.4		%				0.6		%
Adjusted total compensation ratio									63.4		%				61.7		%

Diluted earnings per common share						$	2.32					$	2.30
Impact of non-GAAP adjustments on diluted earnings per common share:
Expenses related to acquisitions:
Compensation, commissions and benefits — Acquisition-related retention						0.05						0.08
Professional fees						0.01						—
Other — Amortization of identifiable intangible assets						0.05						0.06
Total expenses related to acquisitions						0.11						0.14
Other — Insurance settlement received						—						(0.15)
Tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments						(0.03)						—
Total non-GAAP adjustments, net of tax						0.08						(0.01)
Adjusted diluted earnings per common share						$	2.40					$	2.29

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Return on common equity						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Average common equity						$	10,423					$	9,537
Impact of non-GAAP adjustments on average common equity:
Expenses related to acquisitions:
Compensation, commissions and benefits — Acquisition-related retention						6						9
Professional fees						—						—
Other — Amortization of identifiable intangible assets						6						5
Total expenses related to acquisitions						12						14
Other — Insurance settlement received						—						(16)
Tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments						(3)						1
Total non-GAAP adjustments, net of tax						9						(1)
Adjusted average common equity						$	10,432					$	9,536

Average common equity						$	10,423					$	9,537
Less:
Average goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net						1,908						1,935
Average deferred tax liabilities related to goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net						(132)						(128)
Average tangible common equity						$	8,647					$	7,730
Impact of non-GAAP adjustments on average tangible common equity:
Expenses related to acquisitions:
Compensation, commissions and benefits — Acquisition-related retention						6						9
Professional fees						—						—
Other — Amortization of identifiable intangible assets						6						5
Total expenses related to acquisitions						12						14
Other — Insurance settlement received						—						(16)
Tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments						(3)						1
Total non-GAAP adjustments, net of tax						9						(1)
Adjusted average tangible common equity						$	8,656					$	7,729
Return on common equity						19.1		%				21.3		%
Adjusted return on common equity						19.7		%				21.2		%
Return on tangible common equity						23.0		%				26.2		%
Adjusted return on tangible common equity						23.8		%				26.1		%

Total compensation ratio is computed by dividing compensation, commissions and benefits expense by net revenues for each respective period. Adjusted total compensation ratio is computed by dividing adjusted compensation, commissions and benefits expense by net revenues for each respective period.

Tangible common equity is computed by subtracting goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net, along with the associated deferred tax liabilities, from total common equity attributable to RJF. Average common equity is computed by adding the total common equity attributable to RJF as of the date indicated to the prior quarter-end total, and dividing by two, or in the case of average tangible common equity, computed by adding tangible common equity as of the date indicated to the prior quarter-end total, and dividing by two. Adjusted average common equity is computed by adjusting for the impact on average common equity of the non-GAAP adjustments, as applicable for each respective period. Adjusted average tangible common equity is computed by adjusting for the impact on average tangible common equity of the non-GAAP adjustments, as applicable for each respective period.

ROCE is computed by dividing annualized net income available to common shareholders for the period indicated by average common equity for each respective period or, in the case of ROTCE, computed by dividing annualized net income available to common shareholders by average tangible common equity for each respective period. Adjusted ROCE is computed by dividing annualized adjusted net income available to common shareholders by adjusted average common equity for each respective period, or in the case of adjusted ROTCE, computed by dividing annualized adjusted net income available to common shareholders by adjusted average tangible common equity for each respective period.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

NET INTEREST ANALYSIS

Largely in response to inflationary pressures since the beginning of fiscal year 2022, the Fed rapidly and consistently increased its benchmark short-term interest rates commencing in March 2022 and continuing throughout our fiscal 2023. Since the beginning of our fiscal 2023, the Fed has increased the Fed funds target rate from a September 30, 2022 range of 2.25% to 2.50% to a December 31, 2023 range of 5.25% to 5.50%. While the Fed has left its benchmark rate unchanged in its most recent meetings, it has indicated that it intends to closely monitor market conditions to determine whether it will continue to hold rates steady or initiate rate cuts in our fiscal 2024. The following table details the Fed’s short-term interest rate activity since the beginning of our fiscal 2023.

RJF fiscal quarter ended						Effective date of interest rate action						Increase in interest rates (in basis points)						Fed funds target rate
December 31, 2022						November 3, 2022						75						3.75% - 4.00%
December 31, 2022						December 15, 2022						50						4.25% - 4.50%
March 31, 2023						February 2, 2023						25						4.50% - 4.75%
March 31, 2023						March 23, 2023						25						4.75% - 5.00%
June 30, 2023						May 4, 2023						25						5.00% - 5.25%
September 30, 2023						July 27, 2023						25						5.25% - 5.50%

Given the relationship between our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities (primarily held in our PCG, Bank, and Other segments) and the nature of fees we earn from third-party banks on client cash balances swept to such banks as part of the RJBDP (included in account and service fees), our financial results are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Increases in short-term interest rates generally result in an increase in our net earnings, although the magnitude of the impact to our net interest margin depends on the yields on interest-earning assets relative to the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, including deposit rates paid to clients on their cash balances. Our domestic client cash sweep balances continue to represent a relatively low-cost funding source, while other deposit products utilized as part of our strategy to diversify our funding sources, such as our ESP introduced to our clients in fiscal 2023, have a higher relative cost than other alternatives.

Combined net interest income and RJBDP fees from third-party banks of $698 million for three months ended December 31, 2023 was $25 million, or 3%, lower compared with the prior-year quarter. The benefits from increases in short-term interest rates throughout our fiscal 2023 and higher interest-earning asset balances compared with the prior-year quarter were more than offset by a significant increase in interest expense, primarily resulting from a shift in the mix of deposit balances in our Bank segment, as lower-cost RJBDP balances declined compared with the prior-year quarter and a significant portion was replaced with higher-cost ESP balances. However, growth in the ESP allowed us to deploy remaining RJBDP balances to third-party banks, which coupled with higher rates earned on such balances resulted in an increase in RJBDP fees from such banks compared with the prior-year quarter.

Refer to the discussion of our net interest income within the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Results of Operations” of our PCG, Bank, and Other segments, where applicable. Also refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Results of Operations - Private Client Group - Clients’ domestic cash sweep balances” for further information on the RJBDP.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

The following table presents our consolidated average interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability balances, interest income and expense and the related rates.

Quarter ended December 31, 2023 compared with the quarter ended December 31, 2022

						Three months ended December 31,
						2023																					2022
$ in millions						Average daily balance						Interest						Annualized average rate									Average daily balance						Interest						Annualized average rate
Interest-earning assets:
Bank segment:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	5,760					$	79					5.41		%							$	2,325					$	22					3.72		%
Available-for-sale securities						10,333						56						2.16		%							11,050						53						1.92		%
Loans held for sale and investment: (1) (2)
Loans held for investment:
SBL						14,587						266						7.16		%							15,038						226						5.87		%
C&I loans						10,472						203						7.60		%							11,176						172						6.01		%
CRE loans						7,245						141						7.61		%							6,798						107						6.18		%
REIT loans						1,694						34						7.76		%							1,628						24						5.87		%
Residential mortgage loans						8,799						77						3.48		%							7,626						57						2.99		%
Tax-exempt loans (3)						1,481						10						3.27		%							1,594						10						3.06		%
Loans held for sale						140						3						8.86		%							189						3						5.39		%
Total loans held for sale and investment						44,418						734						6.51		%							44,049						599						5.35		%
All other interest-earning assets						237						3						5.98		%							143						2						5.29		%
Interest-earning assets — Bank segment						$	60,748					$	872					5.66		%							$	57,567					$	676					4.63		%
All other segments:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	3,469					$	53					6.07		%							$	3,436					$	33					3.78		%
Assets segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash						3,623						47						5.13		%							6,237						50						3.17		%
Trading assets — debt securities						1,100						15						5.57		%							1,080						14						5.10		%
Brokerage client receivables						2,138						45						8.39		%							2,398						41						6.70		%
All other interest-earning assets						1,936						21						3.92		%							2,001						13						2.58		%
Interest-earning assets — all other segments						$	12,266					$	181					5.81		%							$	15,152					$	151					3.93		%
Total interest-earning assets						$	73,014					$	1,053					5.69		%							$	72,719					$	827					4.48		%
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Bank segment:
Bank deposits:
Money market and savings accounts						$	32,001					$	160					1.99		%							$	45,165					$	123					1.08		%
Interest-bearing demand deposits						19,565						244						4.97		%							5,149						45						3.42		%
Certificates of deposit						2,757						32						4.56		%							1,225						8						2.48		%
Total bank deposits (4)						54,323						436						3.19		%							51,539						176						1.35		%
FHLB advances and all other interest-bearing liabilities						1,231						10						3.03		%							1,397						9						2.61		%
Interest-bearing liabilities — Bank segment						$	55,554					$	446					3.19		%							$	52,936					$	185					1.38		%
All other segments:
Trading liabilities — debt securities						$	756					$	11					5.66		%							$	778					$	10					5.07		%
Brokerage client payables						4,668						20						1.72		%							7,749						17						0.87		%
Senior notes payable						2,039						23						4.51		%							2,038						23						4.52		%
All other interest-bearing liabilities (4)						980						7						2.96		%							585						6						2.61		%
Interest-bearing liabilities — all other segments						$	8,443					$	61					2.89		%							$	11,150					$	56					1.92		%
Total interest-bearing liabilities						$	63,997					$	507					3.15		%							$	64,086					$	241					1.47		%
Firmwide net interest income												$	546																				$	586
Net interest margin (net yield on interest-earning assets)
Bank segment																		2.74		%																			3.36		%
Firmwide																		2.97		%																			3.19		%

(1)Loans are presented net of unamortized purchase discounts or premiums, unearned income, deferred origination fees and costs, and charge-offs.

(2)Nonaccrual loans are included in the average loan balances. Any payments received for corporate nonaccrual loans are applied entirely to principal. Interest income on residential mortgage nonaccrual loans is recognized on a cash basis.

(3)The average rate on tax-exempt loans in the preceding table is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis utilizing the applicable federal statutory rates for each of the periods presented.

(4)The average balance, interest expense, and average rate for “Total bank deposits” included amounts associated with affiliate deposits. Such amounts are eliminated in consolidation and are offset in “All other interest-bearing liabilities” under “All other segments”.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following table shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned on our interest-earning assets and the interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities. The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the change in volume by the previous period’s average rate. Similarly, the effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the previous period’s volume. Changes attributable to both volume and rate have been allocated proportionately.

						Three months ended December 31,
						2023 compared to 2022
						Increase/(decrease) due to
$ in millions						Volume						Rate						Total
Interest-earning assets:						Interest income
Bank segment:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	43					$	14					$	57
Available-for-sale securities						(4)						7						3
Loans held for sale and investment:
Loans held for investment:
SBL						(6)						46						40
C&I loans						(11)						42						31
CRE loans						9						25						34
REIT loans						1						9						10
Residential mortgage loans						10						10						20
Tax-exempt loans						(1)						1						—
Loans held for sale						(2)						2						—
Total loans held for sale and investment						—						135						135
All other interest-earning assets						1						—						1
Interest-earning assets — Bank segment						$	40					$	156					$	196
All other segments:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	—					$	20					$	20
Assets segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash						(34)						31						(3)
Trading assets — debt securities						—						1						1
Brokerage client receivables						(5)						9						4
All other interest-earning assets						—						8						8
Interest-earning assets — all other segments						$	(39)					$	69					$	30
Total interest-earning assets						$	1					$	225					$	226
Interest-bearing liabilities:						Interest expense
Bank segment:
Bank deposits:
Money market and savings accounts						$	(52)					$	89					$	37
Interest-bearing demand deposits						171						28						199
Certificates of deposit						14						10						24
Total bank deposits						133						127						260
FHLB advances and all other interest-bearing liabilities						(1)						2						1
Interest-bearing liabilities — Bank segment						$	132					$	129					$	261
All other segments:
Trading liabilities — debt securities						$	—					$	1					$	1
Brokerage client payables						(12)						15						3
Senior notes payable						—						—						—
All other interest-bearing liabilities						1						—						1
Interest-bearing liabilities — all other segments						$	(11)					$	16					$	5
Total interest-bearing liabilities						$	121					$	145					$	266
Change in firmwide net interest income						$	(120)					$	80					$	(40)

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – PRIVATE CLIENT GROUP

For an overview of our PCG segment operations, as well as a description of the key factors impacting our PCG results of operations, refer to the information presented in “Item 1 - Business” and “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Operating results

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022						% change
Revenues:
Asset management and related administrative fees						$	1,191					$	1,053					13		%
Brokerage revenues:
Mutual and other fund products						136						128						6		%
Insurance and annuity products						125						104						20		%
Equities, ETFs and fixed income products						121						113						7		%
Total brokerage revenues						382						345						11		%
Account and service fees:
Mutual fund and annuity service fees						106						98						8		%
RJBDP fees:
Bank segment						223						268						(17)		%
Third-party banks						152						137						11		%
Client account and other fees						65						60						8		%
Total account and service fees						546						563						(3)		%
Investment banking						11						9						22		%
Interest income						118						109						8		%
All other						4						6						(33)		%
Total revenues						2,252						2,085						8		%
Interest expense						(26)						(22)						18		%
Net revenues						2,226						2,063						8		%
Non-interest expenses:
Financial advisor compensation and benefits						1,190						1,075						11		%
Administrative compensation and benefits						379						342						11		%
Total compensation, commissions and benefits						1,569						1,417						11		%
Non-compensation expenses:
Communications and information processing						93						89						4		%
Occupancy and equipment						55						51						8		%
Business development						40						37						8		%
Professional fees						14						13						8		%
All other						16						22						(27)		%
Total non-compensation expenses						218						212						3		%
Total non-interest expenses						1,787						1,629						10		%
Pre-tax income						$	439					$	434					1		%

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

Selected key metrics

PCG client asset balances

						As of
$ in billions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023																		December 31, 2022						September 30, 2022
Assets under administration (“AUA”)						$	1,310.5					$	1,201.2																	$	1,114.3					$	1,039.0
Registered Investment Advisor (“RIA”) & Custody Services (“RCS”) AUA (1)						$	146.9					$	133.3																	$	115.6					$	108.5
Assets in fee-based accounts (2)						$	746.6					$	683.2																	$	633.1					$	586.0
RCS assets in fee-based accounts (1)						$	122.8					$	111.7																	$	96.6					$	89.9
Percent of AUA in fee-based accounts						57.0		%				56.9		%																56.8		%				56.4		%

(1)Represents assets associated with firms affiliated with us through our RCS division, which are included in AUA and assets in fee-based accounts. Based on the nature of the services provided to such firms, revenues related to these assets are included in “Account and service fees.”

(2)A portion of our “Assets in fee-based accounts” is invested in “managed programs” overseen by our Asset Management segment, specifically our Asset Management Services division of RJ&A (“AMS”). These assets are included in our financial assets under management as disclosed in the “Selected key metrics” section of our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Results of Operations - Asset Management.”

PCG net new assets

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022
Domestic Private Client Group net new assets (1)						$	21,575					$	23,226
Domestic Private Client Group net new assets growth - annualized (2)						7.8		%				9.8		%

(1)Domestic Private Client Group net new assets represents domestic Private Client Group client inflows, including dividends and interest, less domestic Private Client Group client outflows, including commissions, advisory fees and other fees.

(2)The Domestic Private Client Group net new asset growth - annualized percentage is based on the beginning Domestic Private Client Group AUA balance for the indicated period.

PCG AUA and PCG assets in fee-based accounts as of December 31, 2023 each increased 9% compared with September 30, 2023, due to market appreciation and strong net inflows of client assets during the quarter, primarily due to the favorable impact of our recruiting. PCG assets in fee-based accounts continued to be a significant percentage of overall PCG AUA due to many clients’ preference for fee-based alternatives versus transaction-based accounts and, as a result, a significant portion of our PCG revenues is more directly impacted by market movements.

Fee-based accounts within our PCG segment are comprised of a wide array of products and programs that we offer our clients. The majority of assets in fee-based accounts within our PCG segment are invested in programs for which our financial advisors provide investment advisory services, either on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis. Administrative services for such accounts (e.g., record-keeping) are generally performed by our Asset Management segment and, as a result, a portion of the related revenue is shared with the Asset Management segment.

We also offer our clients fee-based accounts that are invested in “managed programs” overseen by AMS, which is part of our Asset Management segment. Fee-billable assets invested in managed programs are included in both “Assets in fee-based accounts” in the preceding table and “Financial assets under management” in the Asset Management segment. Revenues related to managed programs are shared by our PCG and Asset Management segments. The Asset Management segment receives a higher portion of the revenues related to accounts invested in managed programs, as compared to the portion received for non-managed programs, as it is performing portfolio management services in addition to administrative services.

The vast majority of the revenues we earn from fee-based accounts are recorded in “Asset management and related administrative fees” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. Fees received from such accounts are based on the value of client assets in fee-based accounts and vary based on the specific account types in which the client invests and the level of assets in the client relationship. As fees for the majority of such accounts are billed based on balances as of the beginning of the quarter, revenues from fee-based accounts may not be immediately affected by changes in asset values, but rather the impacts are seen in the following quarter.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

Financial advisors

						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023						June 30, 2023						March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
Employees						3,718						3,693						3,654						3,628						3,631
Independent contractors						4,992						5,019						5,050						5,098						5,068
Total advisors						8,710						8,712						8,704						8,726						8,699

The number of financial advisors as of December 31, 2023 decreased slightly compared with September 30, 2023, as planned retirements drove a small net decrease in advisor count, net of new recruits and trainees that were moved into production roles. Planned retirements, where assets are generally retained at the firm pursuant to advisor succession plans, are seasonally higher in the fiscal first quarter. We have and may continue to experience transfers to our RCS division in fiscal 2024; however, consistent with our experience in fiscal 2023, we would not expect these financial advisor transfers to significantly impact our results of operations. Advisors in our RCS division are not included in our financial advisor metric although their client assets are included in PCG AUA.

Clients’ domestic cash sweep balances and ESP balances

						As of
$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023						June 30, 2023						March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
RJBDP:
Bank segment						$	23,912					$	25,355					$	27,915					$	37,682					$	39,098
Third-party banks						17,820						15,858						16,923						9,408						18,231
Subtotal RJBDP						41,732						41,213						44,838						47,090						57,329
Client Interest Program (“CIP”)						1,765						1,620						1,915						2,385						3,053
Total clients’ domestic cash sweep balances						43,497						42,833						46,753						49,475						60,382
ESP (1)						14,476						13,592						11,225						2,746						—
Total clients’ domestic cash sweep and ESP balances						$	57,973					$	56,425					$	57,978					$	52,221					$	60,382

(1)In March 2023, we launched our ESP, in which Private Client Group clients may deposit cash in a high-yield Raymond James Bank account. These balances are reflected in Bank deposits on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

						Three months ended December 31,
						2023						2022
Average yield on RJBDP - third-party banks						3.66		%				2.72		%

A significant portion of our domestic clients’ cash is included in the RJBDP, a multi-bank sweep program in which clients’ cash deposits in their accounts are swept into interest-bearing deposit accounts at either of our bank subsidiaries, which are included in our Bank segment, or various third-party banks. Balances swept to third-party banks are not reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Our PCG segment earns servicing fees for the administrative services we provide related to our clients’ deposits that are swept to such banks as part of the RJBDP. These servicing fees are variable in nature and fluctuate based on client cash balances in the program, as well as the level of short-term interest rates and the interest paid to clients on balances in the RJBDP. Under our intersegment policies, the PCG segment receives the greater of a base servicing fee or a net yield equivalent to the average yield that the firm would otherwise receive from third-party banks in the RJBDP. In the current interest-rate environment, the PCG segment revenues reflect RJBDP fee revenues derived from the yield from third-party banks in the program and the Bank segment RJBDP servicing costs reflect such market rate for the deposits. The fees that the PCG segment earns from the Bank segment, as well as the servicing costs incurred on the deposits in the Bank segment, are eliminated in consolidation.

The “Average yield on RJBDP - third-party banks” in the preceding table is computed by dividing annualized RJBDP fees from third-party banks, which are net of the interest expense paid to clients by the third-party banks, by the average daily RJBDP balance at third-party banks. The average yield on RJBDP - third-party banks increased from the prior-year quarter, largely as a result of the significant increases in the Fed’s short-term benchmark interest rate.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

Total clients’ domestic cash sweep and ESP balances increased 3% compared with September 30, 2023, due to growth in both the ESP as well as client cash sweep balances. PCG segment results can be impacted by not only changes in the level of client cash balances, but also by the allocation of client cash balances between the RJBDP, the CIP, and the ESP, as the PCG segment may earn different amounts from each of these client cash destinations, depending on multiple factors. For example, continued growth in the ESP, which was launched to PCG clients in March 2023, has allowed us to sweep more RJBDP balances to third-party banks and reduce the amount of RJBDP balances held in our Bank segment.

Quarter ended December 31, 2023 compared with the quarter ended December 31, 2022

Net revenues of $2.23 billion increased 8% and pre-tax income of $439 million increased 1%.

Asset management and related administrative fees increased $138 million, or 13%, primarily due to higher assets in fee-based accounts at the beginning of the current quarter compared with the prior-year quarter resulting from growth as a result of advisor recruiting as well as market appreciation.

Brokerage revenues increased $37 million, or 11%, primarily due to higher client activity in the current quarter, particularly in fixed annuities.

Account and service fees decreased $17 million, or 3%, primarily due to a decrease in RJBDP fees resulting from lower client cash sweep balances. RJBDP fees paid to PCG from our Bank segment decreased due to a decline in balances allocated to our Bank segment partially offset by an increase in short-term interest rates, while RJBDP fees from third-party banks increased slightly resulting from the aforementioned increase in short-term interest rates, partially offset by a decrease in RJBDP balances. Partially offsetting the decline in total RJBDP fees, mutual fund service fees increased, primarily from higher average mutual fund assets.

Net interest income increased $5 million, or 6%, primarily due to the significant increase in short-term interest rates applicable to our cash, segregated cash, and client margin account balances.

Compensation-related expenses increased $152 million, or 11%, primarily due to higher commission expense resulting from higher compensable revenues, including asset management and related administrative fees and brokerage revenues, as well as an increase in compensation costs both to support our growth and annual cost increases, including salaries.

Non-compensation expenses increased $6 million, or 3%, due to higher communications and information processing expenses, occupancy expenses, and business development expenses, partially offset by the impact of lower provisions for legal and regulatory matters.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – CAPITAL MARKETS

For an overview of our Capital Markets segment operations, as well as a description of the key factors impacting our Capital Markets results of operations, refer to the information presented in “Item 1 - Business” and “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Operating results

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022						% change
Revenues:
Brokerage revenues:
Fixed income						$	102					$	100					2		%
Equity						38						34						12		%
Total brokerage revenues						140						134						4		%
Investment banking:
Merger & acquisition and advisory						118						102						16		%
Equity underwriting						26						15						73		%
Debt underwriting						26						16						63		%
Total investment banking						170						133						28		%
Interest income						23						23						—		%
Affordable housing investments business revenues						23						24						(4)		%
All other						4						4						—		%
Total revenues						360						318						13		%
Interest expense						(22)						(23)						(4)		%
Net revenues						338						295						15		%
Non-interest expenses:
Compensation, commissions and benefits						238						213						12		%
Non-compensation expenses:
Communications and information processing						27						24						13		%
Occupancy and equipment						11						10						10		%
Business development						16						15						7		%
Professional fees						14						13						8		%
All other						29						36						(19)		%
Total non-compensation expenses						97						98						(1)		%
Total non-interest expenses						335						311						8		%
Pre-tax income/(loss)						$	3					$	(16)					NM

Quarter ended December 31, 2023 compared with the quarter ended December 31, 2022

Net revenues of $338 million increased 15% and the pre-tax income was $3 million, a $19 million increase over the pre-tax loss of $16 million in the prior-year quarter.

Investment banking revenues increased $37 million, or 28%, compared with the prior-year quarter. Market conditions improved compared with the prior-year quarter; however, market uncertainty continued to negatively impact industry-wide investment banking activity.

Compensation-related expenses increased $25 million, or 12%, primarily due to the increase in revenues, as well as an increase in compensation costs both to support our growth and annual cost increases, including salaries.

Non-compensation expenses decreased $1 million, or 1%.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – ASSET MANAGEMENT

For an overview of our Asset Management segment operations as well as a description of the key factors impacting our Asset Management results of operations, refer to the information presented in “Item 1 - Business” and “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Operating results

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022						% change
Revenues:
Asset management and related administrative fees:
Managed programs						$	150					$	134					12		%
Administration and other						74						63						17		%
Total asset management and related administrative fees						224						197						14		%
Account and service fees						6						5						20		%
All other						5						5						—		%
Net revenues						235						207						14		%
Non-interest expenses:
Compensation, commissions and benefits						53						47						13		%
Non-compensation expenses:
Communications and information processing						15						14						7		%
Investment sub-advisory fees						39						34						15		%
All other						35						32						9		%
Total non-compensation expenses						89						80						11		%
Total non-interest expenses						142						127						12		%
Pre-tax income						$	93					$	80					16		%

Selected key metrics

Managed programs

Management fees recorded in our Asset Management segment are generally calculated as a percentage of the value of our fee-billable financial assets under management (“AUM”). These AUM include the portion of fee-based AUA in our PCG segment that is invested in programs overseen by our Asset Management segment (included in the “AMS” line of the following table), as well as retail accounts managed on behalf of third-party institutions, institutional accounts and proprietary mutual funds that we manage (collectively included in the Raymond James Investment Management (“RJIM”) line of the following table).

Revenues related to fee-based AUA in our PCG segment are shared by the PCG and Asset Management segments, the amount of which depends on whether or not clients are invested in assets that are in managed programs overseen by our Asset Management segment and the administrative services provided (see our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Results of Operations - Private Client Group” for more information). Our AUM in AMS are impacted by market fluctuations and net inflows or outflows of assets, including transfers between fee-based accounts and transaction-based accounts within our PCG segment.

Revenues earned by RJIM for retail accounts managed on behalf of third-party institutions, institutional accounts and our proprietary mutual funds are recorded entirely in the Asset Management segment. Our AUM in RJIM are impacted by market and investment performance and net inflows or outflows of assets.

Fees for our managed programs are generally collected quarterly. Approximately 70% of these fees are based on balances as of the beginning of the quarter (primarily in AMS), approximately 15% are based on balances as of the end of the quarter, and approximately 15% are based on average daily balances throughout the quarter.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

Financial assets under management

$ in billions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023												December 31, 2022						September 30, 2022
AMS (1)						$	154.2					$	139.2											$	129.5					$	119.8
RJIM						73.3						68.7												67.4						64.2
Subtotal financial assets under management						227.5						207.9												196.9						184.0
Less: Assets managed for affiliated entities (2)						(12.5)						(11.5)												(11.0)						(10.2)
Total financial assets under management						$	215.0					$	196.4											$	185.9					$	173.8

(1)Represents the portion of our PCG segment fee-based AUA (as disclosed in “Assets in fee-based accounts” in the “Selected key metrics - PCG client asset balances” section of our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Results of Operations - Private Client Group”) that is invested in managed programs overseen by the Asset Management segment.

(2)Represents the portion of the AMS AUM that is managed by RJIM and, as a result, are included in both AMS and RJIM in the preceding table. This amount is removed in the calculation of “Total financial assets under management.”

Activity (including activity in assets managed for affiliated entities)

												Three months ended December 31,
$ in billions																		2023						2022
Financial assets under management at beginning of period																		$	207.9					$	184.0
RJIM - net inflows/(outflows)																		(0.9)						0.5
AMS - net inflows																		1.7						1.0
Net market appreciation in asset values																		18.8						11.4
Financial assets under management at end of period																		$	227.5					$	196.9

AMS

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Results of Operations - Private Client Group” for further information about our retail client assets, including those fee-based assets invested in programs managed by AMS.

RJIM

Assets managed by RJIM include assets managed by our subsidiaries: Eagle Asset Management, Scout Investments, Reams Asset Management (a division of Scout Investments), ClariVest Asset Management, Cougar Global Investments, and Chartwell Investment Partners (“Chartwell”). The following table presents RJIM’s AUM by objective, excluding assets for which it does not exercise discretion, as well as the approximate average client fee rate earned on such assets.

						As of December 31, 2023
$ in billions						AUM						Average fee rate
Equity						$	24.1					0.56		%
Fixed income						40.7						0.20		%
Balanced						8.5						0.33		%
Total financial assets under management						$	73.3					0.33		%

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Non-discretionary asset-based programs

The following table includes assets held in certain non-discretionary asset-based programs for which the Asset Management segment does not exercise discretion but provides other services such as administrative support (including for affiliated entities) and investment advice. The vast majority of these assets are also included in our PCG segment fee-based AUA (as disclosed in “Assets in fee-based accounts” in the “Selected key metrics - PCG client asset balances” section of our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Results of Operations - Private Client Group”).

$ in billions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023												December 31, 2022																		September 30, 2022
Total assets						$	431.4					$	391.1											$	355.6																	$	329.2

The increase in these assets as of December 31, 2023 compared with September 30, 2023 was primarily due to market appreciation, successful financial advisor recruiting and retention, and the continued trend of clients moving to fee-based accounts from transaction-based accounts. Administrative fees associated with these programs are predominantly based on balances at the beginning of the quarter.

Raymond James Trust

The following table includes assets held in asset-based programs in Raymond James Trust, N.A. (including those managed for affiliated entities).

$ in billions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023																		December 31, 2022												September 30, 2022
Total assets						$	9.4					$	8.5																	$	7.8											$	7.3

Fees earned on trust services are primarily reported within “Asset management and related administrative fees” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

Quarter ended December 31, 2023 compared with the quarter ended December 31, 2022

Net revenues of $235 million increased 14% and pre-tax income of $93 million increased 16%.

Asset management and related administrative fees increased $27 million, or 14%, driven by higher beginning balances of assets in non-discretionary asset-based programs and financial assets under management at AMS, as well as higher average financial assets under management at RJIM, in each case primarily due to market-driven appreciation in asset values.

Compensation expenses increased $6 million, or 13%, including an increase in compensation costs both to support our growth and annual cost increases, including salaries. Non-compensation expenses increased $9 million, or 11%, largely due to higher investment sub-advisory fees, resulting from the increase in the beginning balance of assets under management in sub-advised programs.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – BANK

For an overview of our Bank segment operations, as well as a description of the key factors impacting our Bank segment results of operations, refer to the information presented in “Item 1 - Business” and “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Operating results

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022						% change
Revenues:
Interest income						$	872					$	676					29		%
Interest expense						(446)						(185)						141		%
Net interest income						426						491						(13)		%
All other						15						17						(12)		%
Net revenues						441						508						(13)		%
Non-interest expenses:
Compensation and benefits						43						40						8		%
Non-compensation expenses:
Bank loan provision for credit losses						12						14						(14)		%
RJBDP fees to PCG						223						268						(17)		%
All other						71						50						42		%
Total non-compensation expenses						306						332						(8)		%
Total non-interest expenses						349						372						(6)		%
Pre-tax income						$	92					$	136					(32)		%

Quarter ended December 31, 2023 compared with the quarter ended December 31, 2022

Net revenues of $441 million decreased 13%, while pre-tax income of $92 million decreased 32%.

Net interest income decreased $65 million, or 13%, primarily due to increased interest expense resulting from a higher-cost mix of deposits, as balances from the ESP, which launched in March 2023, replaced a portion of lower-cost RJBDP cash sweep balances. The increase in interest expense was partially offset by an increase in interest income due to higher short-term interest rates and higher average interest-earning asset balances during the current quarter. The net interest margin decreased to 2.74% from 3.36% for the prior-year quarter.

The bank loan provision for credit losses was $12 million for the current quarter, compared with $14 million for the prior-year quarter. The bank loan provision for credit losses for the current quarter primarily reflected the impacts of specific reserves in our C&I and CRE portfolios, loan downgrades, and charge-offs, partially offset by the favorable impact of loan repayments and sales, which had a larger impact on the current quarter expense than provisions on new loans. The provision for credit losses for the prior-year quarter primarily reflected the impact of a weaker macroeconomic outlook at that time, primarily on the residential mortgage portfolio, and the impact of loan growth during the quarter.

Compensation expenses increased $3 million, or 8%, primarily due to increased compensation costs both to support growth and annual cost increases, including salaries.

Non-compensation expenses, excluding the bank loan provision for credit losses, decreased $24 million, or 8%, primarily due to a decrease in RJBDP fees paid to PCG resulting from the aforementioned decline in RJBDP balances swept to the Bank segment, partially offset by an increase in rates for such balances. These Bank segment fees and the related revenues earned by the PCG segment are eliminated in consolidation (see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Private Client Group” for further information about these servicing fees). Offsetting this decline was an increase in expenses related to deposits, including a special assessment enacted during the quarter by the FDIC to recover losses to its Deposit Insurance Fund, as well as expenses related to the ESP and certificates of deposit issuances during the quarter. The impact of the special assessment was $9 million of incremental expense for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – OTHER

This segment includes interest income on certain corporate cash balances, our private equity investments, which predominantly consist of investments in third-party funds, certain other corporate investing activity, and certain corporate overhead costs of RJF that are not allocated to other segments, including the interest costs on our public debt, certain provisions for legal and regulatory matters, and certain acquisition-related expenses. For an overview of our Other segment operations, refer to the information presented in “Item 1 - Business” and “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Operating results

						Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						2023						2022						% change
Revenues:
Interest income						$	49					$	30					63		%
All other						2						3						(33)		%
Total revenues						51						33						55		%
Interest expense						(25)						(24)						4		%
Net revenues						26						9						189		%
Non-interest expenses:
Compensation and benefits						17						18						(6)		%
Insurance settlement received						—						(32)						100		%
All other						6						5						20		%
Total non-interest expenses						23						(9)						NM
Pre-tax income						$	3					$	18					(83)		%

Quarter ended December 31, 2023 compared with the quarter ended December 31, 2022

Pre-tax income was $3 million, a decrease of 83% compared with pre-tax income of $18 million for the prior-year quarter.

Net revenues increased $17 million primarily due to an increase in interest income earned as a result of higher short-term interest rates applicable to our corporate cash balances.

Non-interest expenses increased $32 million, primarily due to a $32 million insurance settlement received during the prior-year quarter related to a previously settled legal matter, which did not recur in the current-year quarter.

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION ANALYSIS

The assets on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition consisted primarily of cash and cash equivalents, assets segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash (primarily segregated for the benefit of clients), receivables including bank loans, financial instruments held either for trading purposes or as investments, goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, and other assets.  A significant portion of our assets were liquid in nature, providing us with flexibility in financing our business.

Total assets of $80.13 billion as of December 31, 2023 were $1.77 billion, or 2%, greater than our total assets as of September 30, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents increased $893 million primarily driven by an increase in cash held at our bank subsidiaries, largely resulting from an increase in bank deposits during the period. Assets segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash increased $496 million, primarily due to an increase in client cash balances in our broker-dealer subsidiaries, which resulted in an increase in brokerage client payables and a corresponding increase in segregated assets. Bank loans, net increased $407 million primarily related to increases in corporate and residential mortgage loans.

As of December 31, 2023, our total liabilities of $69.35 billion were $1.18 billion, or 2%, greater than our total liabilities as of September 30, 2023. Bank deposits increased $1.19 billion, primarily driven by an increase in ESP balances. Brokerage client payables increased $346 million, primarily related to the aforementioned increase in client cash balances in our broker-dealer subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in accrued compensation, commissions, and benefits of $418 million due to the payment of prior-year bonuses during the quarter.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity and capital are essential to our business. The primary goal of our liquidity management activities is to ensure adequate funding and liquidity to conduct our business over a range of economic and market environments, including times of broader industry or market liquidity stress events. In times of market stress or uncertainty, we generally maintain higher levels of capital and liquidity, including increased cash levels in our Bank segment, to ensure we have adequate funding to support our business and meet our clients’ needs. We seek to manage capital levels to support execution of our business strategy, provide financial strength to our subsidiaries, and maintain sustained access to the capital markets, while at the same time meeting our regulatory capital requirements and conservative internal management targets.

Liquidity and capital resources are provided primarily through our business operations and financing activities.  Our business operations generate substantially all of their own liquidity and funding needs. We have a contingency funding plan which would guide our actions if one or more of our businesses were to experience disruptions from normal funding and liquidity sources. These actions include reallocating client cash balances in the RJBDP from third-party banks to our bank subsidiaries thereby bringing those deposits onto our Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, increasing our FHLB borrowings at our bank subsidiaries, accessing committed and uncommitted lines of credit at the parent or certain operating subsidiaries, accessing capital markets or, in certain circumstances, accessing certain borrowings from the Federal Reserve. We also have the ability to create additional sources of funding by developing new products to meet the financial needs of our clients, such as the ESP deposit offering launched to PCG clients in fiscal 2023. With each of our deposit offerings, we work to obtain sufficient liquidity to support our business operations while also maintaining a high level of FDIC insurance coverage for our clients.

Our financing activities could also include bank borrowings, collateralized financing arrangements, or additional capital raising activities under our “universal” shelf registration statement. We believe our existing assets, most of which are liquid in nature, together with funds generated from operations and available from committed and uncommitted financing facilities, provide adequate funds for continuing operations at current levels of activity in the short-term. We also believe that we will be able to continue to meet our long-term funding and liquidity requirements due to our strong financial position and ability to access capital from financial markets.

Liquidity and capital management

Senior management establishes our liquidity and capital management frameworks. Our liquidity and capital management frameworks are overseen by our Asset and Liability Committee, a senior management committee that develops and executes strategies and policies to manage our liquidity risk and interest rate risk, as well as provides oversight over the firm’s investments. Our liquidity management framework is designed to ensure we have a sufficient amount of funding, even when funding markets experience stress. We manage the maturities and diversity of our funding across products and seek to maintain a diversified funding profile with an appropriate tenor, taking into consideration the characteristics and liquidity profile of our assets (e.g., the maturities of our available-for-sale securities portfolio). The liquidity management framework includes senior management’s review of short- and long-term cash flow forecasts, review of necessary expenditures, monitoring of the availability of alternative sources of financing, and daily monitoring of liquidity in our significant subsidiaries. Our decisions on the allocation of resources to our business units consider, among other factors, projected profitability, cash flow, risk, future liquidity needs, and required capital levels. Our treasury department assists in evaluating, monitoring and controlling the impact that our business activities have on our financial condition and liquidity, and also maintains our relationships with various lenders. The objective of our liquidity management framework is to support the successful execution of our business strategies while ensuring ongoing and sufficient funding and liquidity.

Our capital planning and capital risk management processes are governed by the Capital Planning Committee (“CPC”), a senior management committee that provides oversight on our capital planning and ensures that our strategic planning and risk management processes are integrated into the capital planning process. The CPC meets at least quarterly to review key metrics related to the firm’s capital, such as debt structure and capital ratios; to analyze potential and emerging risks to capital; to oversee our annual firmwide capital stress test; and to propose capital actions to the Board of Directors, such as declaring dividends, repurchasing securities, and raising capital. To ensure that we have sufficient capital to absorb unanticipated losses, the firm adheres to capital risk appetite statements and tolerances set in excess of regulatory minimums, which are established by the CPC and approved by the Board of Directors. We conduct enterprise-wide capital stress testing to ensure that we maintain adequate capital to adhere to our established tolerances under multiple scenarios, including a stressed scenario.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

Capital structure

Common equity (i.e., common stock, additional paid-in capital, and retained earnings) is the primary component of our capital structure. Common equity allows for the absorption of losses on an ongoing basis and for the conservation of resources during stress periods, as it provides us with discretion on the amount and timing of dividends and other capital actions. Information about our common equity is included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, and Note 16 of this Form 10-Q.

Under regulatory capital rules applicable to us as a bank holding company, we are required to maintain minimum leverage ratios (defined as tier 1 capital divided by adjusted average assets), as well as minimum ratios of tier 1 capital, CET1, and total capital to risk-weighted assets. These capital ratios incorporate quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under the regulatory capital rules and are subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings, and other factors. We calculate these ratios in order to assess compliance with both regulatory requirements and internal capital policies. In order to maintain our ability to take certain capital actions, including dividends and common equity repurchases, and to make bonus payments, we must hold a capital conservation buffer above our minimum risk-based capital requirements. See Note 20 for further information about our regulatory capital and related capital ratios.

We have classified all of our investments in debt securities as available-for-sale and have not classified any of our investments in debt securities as held-to-maturity. Accordingly, we account for our available-for-sale securities at fair value at each reporting date, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in AOCI. Current Basel III rules permit us to make an election to exclude most components of AOCI when calculating CET1, tier 1 capital, and total capital. We have elected the AOCI opt-out for regulatory capital purposes and therefore exclude certain elements of AOCI, including gains/losses on our available-for-sale portfolio, from our capital calculations.

On July 27, 2023, U.S. banking regulators issued proposed rules that, if enacted, would result in changes to regulations applicable to bank holding companies, including higher capital requirements and eliminating the AOCI opt-out election, which could reduce our regulatory capital ratios in the future. Under the proposed rule, if enacted, there would be a three-year transition period for the elimination of the AOCI opt-out election. We are evaluating these proposals, most of which would apply to us if our average total consolidated assets for four consecutive calendar quarters exceeded $100 billion, to assess their potential impact to our current businesses and strategies.

The following table presents the components of RJF’s regulatory capital used to calculate the aforementioned regulatory capital ratios.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Common equity tier 1 capital/Tier 1 capital
Common stock and related additional paid-in capital						$	3,160					$	3,145
Retained earnings						10,609						10,213
Treasury stock						(2,365)						(2,252)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss						(693)						(971)
Less: Goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, net of related deferred tax liabilities						(1,776)						(1,776)
Other adjustments						635						886
Common equity tier 1 capital						9,570						9,245
Preferred stock						79						79
Less: Tier 1 capital deductions						(3)						(3)
Tier 1 capital						9,646						9,321
Tier 2 capital
Qualifying subordinated debt						99						100
Qualifying allowances for credit losses						526						513
Tier 2 capital						625						613
Total capital						$	10,271					$	9,934

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The following table presents RJF’s risk-weighted assets by exposure type used to calculate the aforementioned regulatory capital ratios.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
On-balance sheet assets:
Corporate exposures						$	19,435					$	19,262
Exposures to sovereign and government-sponsored entities (1)						1,794						1,844
Exposures to depository institutions, foreign banks, and credit unions						1,949						1,878
Exposures to public-sector entities						630						698
Residential mortgage exposures						4,476						4,377
Statutory multi-family mortgage exposures						121						118
High volatility commercial real estate exposures						146						141
Past due loans						201						203
Equity exposures						534						538
Securitization exposures						144						134
Other assets						9,356						8,665
Off-balance sheet:
Standby letters of credit						76						91
Commitments with original maturity of one year or less						157						131
Commitments with original maturity greater than one year						2,402						2,396
Over-the-counter derivatives						320						311
Other off-balance sheet items						310						275
Market risk-weighted assets						2,554						2,485
Total standardized risk-weighted assets						$	44,605					$	43,547

(1)Exposure is predominantly to the U.S. government and its agencies.

Cash flows

Cash and cash equivalents (excluding amounts segregated for regulatory purposes and restricted cash) of $10.21 billion at December 31, 2023 increased $893 million compared with September 30, 2023. The increase in cash and cash equivalents primarily resulted from an increase in bank deposits and net income earned during the period. These increases were partially offset by payments of prior-year bonuses, purchases of bank loans, common stock repurchases and dividends paid on our common and preferred stock during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Sources of liquidity

Approximately $2.08 billion of our total December 31, 2023 cash and cash equivalents was RJF corporate cash, which included the cash held at the parent company, as well as cash it loaned to RJ&A. As of December 31, 2023, RJF had loaned $1.38 billion to RJ&A (such amount is included in the RJ&A cash balance in the following table), which RJ&A has invested on behalf of RJF in cash and cash equivalents or otherwise deployed in its normal business activities.

The following table presents our holdings of cash and cash equivalents.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023
RJF						$	732
TriState Capital Bank						3,765
Raymond James Bank						2,295
RJ&A						1,961
Raymond James Ltd. (“RJ Ltd.”)						548
Raymond James Financial Services, Inc.						186
Charles Stanley Group Limited (“Charles Stanley”)						149
Raymond James Trust Company of New Hampshire						100
Raymond James Investment Management						95
Raymond James Capital Services, LLC						65
Other subsidiaries						310
Total cash and cash equivalents						$	10,206

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RJF maintained depository accounts at Raymond James Bank and TriState Capital Bank totaling $286 million as of December 31, 2023. The portion of this total that was available on demand without restrictions, which amounted to $244 million as of December 31, 2023, is reflected in the RJF cash balance and excluded from Raymond James Bank’s cash balance in the preceding table.

A large portion of the cash and cash equivalents balances at our non-U.S. subsidiaries, including RJ Ltd. and Charles Stanley, as of December 31, 2023 was held to meet regulatory requirements and was not available for use by the parent.

In addition to the cash balances described, we have various other potential sources of cash available to the parent company from subsidiaries, as described in the following section.

Liquidity available from subsidiaries

Liquidity is principally available to RJF from RJ&A and Raymond James Bank.

Certain of our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to the requirements of the Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934. As a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), RJ&A is subject to FINRA’s capital requirements, which are substantially the same as Rule 15c3-1. Rule 15c3-1 provides for an “alternative net capital requirement,” which RJ&A has elected. Regulations require that minimum net capital, as defined, be equal to the greater of $1.5 million or 2% of aggregate debit items arising from client balances. In addition, covenants in RJ&A’s committed financing facilities require its net capital to be a minimum of 10% of aggregate debit items. At December 31, 2023, RJ&A significantly exceeded the minimum regulatory requirements, the covenants in its financing arrangements pertaining to net capital, as well as its internally-targeted net capital tolerances. FINRA may impose certain restrictions, such as restricting withdrawals of equity capital, if a member firm were to fall below a certain threshold or fail to meet minimum net capital requirements which may result in RJ&A limiting dividends it would otherwise remit to RJF. We evaluate regulatory requirements, loan covenants and certain internal tolerances when determining the amount of liquidity available to RJF from RJ&A.

Raymond James Bank may pay dividends to RJF without prior approval of its regulator as long as the dividends do not exceed the sum of its current calendar year and the previous two calendar years’ retained net income, and it maintains its targeted regulatory capital ratios.  Dividends may be limited to the extent that capital is needed to support balance sheet growth or as part of our liquidity and capital management activities.

Although we have liquidity available to us from our other subsidiaries, the available amounts may not be as significant as those previously described and, in certain instances, may be subject to regulatory requirements.

Borrowings and financing arrangements

Financing arrangements

We have various financing arrangements in place with third-party lenders that allow us the flexibility to borrow funds on a secured or unsecured basis to meet our liquidity needs. We generally utilize these financing arrangements to finance a portion of our fixed income trading instruments held by RJ&A or for cash management purposes. Our ability to borrow under these arrangements is dependent upon compliance with the conditions in our various loan agreements and, in the case of secured borrowings, collateral eligibility requirements.

As of December 31, 2023, RJF and RJ&A had the ability to borrow under our $750 million Credit Facility, a committed unsecured line of credit; however, we had no such borrowings outstanding under this facility as of December 31, 2023. See Note 13 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our Credit Facility.

In addition to our Credit Facility, we have various uncommitted financing arrangements with third-party lenders, which are in the form of secured lines of credit, secured bilateral repurchase agreements, or unsecured lines of credit. Our uncommitted secured financing arrangements generally require us to post collateral in excess of the amount borrowed and are generally collateralized by RJ&A-owned securities or by securities that we have received as collateral under reverse repurchase agreements (i.e., securities purchased under agreements to resell). As of December 31, 2023, we had outstanding borrowings under two uncommitted secured borrowing arrangements out of a total of 12 uncommitted financing arrangements (eight uncommitted secured and four uncommitted unsecured). However, lenders are under no contractual obligation to lend to us under uncommitted credit facilities.

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Our borrowings on uncommitted financing arrangements, which were in the form of repurchase agreements in RJ&A, were included in “Collateralized financings” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The average daily balance outstanding during the five most recent quarters, the maximum month-end balance outstanding during the quarter and the period-end balances for repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements are detailed in the following table.

						Repurchase transactions																		Reverse repurchase transactions
For the quarter ended: ($ in millions)						Average daily balance outstanding						Maximum month-end balance outstanding during the quarter						End of period balance outstanding						Average daily balance outstanding						Maximum month-end balance outstanding during the quarter						End of period balance outstanding
December 31, 2023						$	171					$	193					$	169					$	225					$	252					$	194
September 30, 2023						$	153					$	232					$	157					$	215					$	279					$	187
June 30, 2023						$	123					$	128					$	110					$	179					$	181					$	181
March 31, 2023						$	174					$	223					$	150					$	236					$	310					$	167
December 31, 2022						$	245					$	257					$	150					$	288					$	306					$	156

Other borrowings and collateralized financings

We had $1 billion in FHLB borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2023, comprised of floating-rate and fixed-rate advances. The interest rates on our floating-rate advances are based on SOFR. We use interest rate swaps to manage the risk of increases in interest rates associated with the majority of our floating-rate FHLB advances by converting the balances subject to variable interest rates to a fixed interest rate.

We pledge certain of our bank loans and available-for-sale securities with the FHLB as security for both the repayment of certain borrowings and to secure capacity for additional borrowings as needed. As of December 31, 2023, we had an additional $9.37 billion in immediate credit available from the FHLB based on the collateral pledged. With the pledge of incremental collateral, we could further increase credit available to us from the FHLB. See Notes 4, 6, 7, and 13 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding bank loans and available-for-sale securities pledged with the FHLB and for further information on our FHLB borrowings, including the related maturities and interest rates.

A portion of our fixed income transactions are cleared through a third-party clearing organization, which provides financing for the purchase of trading instruments to support such transactions. The amount of financing is based on the amount of trading inventory financed, as well as any deposits held at the clearing organization. Amounts outstanding under this financing arrangement are collateralized by a portion of our trading inventory and accrue interest based on market rates. While we had borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2023, the clearing organization is under no contractual obligation to lend to us under this arrangement.

As member banks, our bank subsidiaries have access to the Federal Reserve’s discount window and may have access to other lending programs that may be established by the Federal Reserve in unusual and exigent circumstances, including the Bank Term Funding Program that was created by the Federal Reserve in March 2023 and is expected to expire in March 2024; however, we do not view borrowings from the Federal Reserve as one of our primary sources of funding.  See Note 6 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding available-for-sale securities and bank loans pledged with the FRB.

At December 31, 2023, we had subordinated notes due 2030 outstanding, with an aggregate principal amount of $98 million. See Note 13 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q and Note 16 of our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information regarding these borrowings.

We may act as an intermediary between broker-dealers and other financial institutions whereby we borrow securities from one counterparty and then lend them to another counterparty.  Where permitted, we have also loaned securities owned by clients or the firm to broker-dealers and other financial institutions.  We account for each of these types of transactions as collateralized agreements and financings, with the outstanding balance of $347 million as of December 31, 2023 related to the securities loaned included in “Collateralized financings” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition of this Form 10-Q. See Note 6 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q and Note 2 of our 2023 Form 10-K for more information on our collateralized agreements and financings.

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Senior notes payable

At December 31, 2023, we had aggregate outstanding senior notes payable of $2.04 billion, which, exclusive of any unaccreted premiums or discounts and debt issuance costs, was comprised of $500 million par 4.65% senior notes due 2030, $800 million par 4.95% senior notes due 2046, and $750 million par 3.75% senior notes due 2051. See Note 17 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on senior notes payable.

Credit ratings

Our issuer, senior long-term debt, and preferred stock credit ratings as of the most current report are detailed in the following table.

Credit Rating

Fitch Ratings, Inc.

Moody’s

Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services

Issuer and senior long-term debt:

Rating

A-

A3

A-

Outlook

Stable

Stable

Stable

Last rating action

Affirmed

Upgrade

Upgrade

Date of last rating action

March 2023

February 2022

February 2023

Preferred stock:

Rating

BB+

Baa3 (hyb)

Not rated

Last rating action

Affirmed

Assigned

N/A

Date of last rating action

March 2023

August 2022

N/A

Our current credit ratings depend upon a number of factors, including industry dynamics, operating and economic environment, operating results, operating margins, earnings trends and volatility, balance sheet composition, liquidity and liquidity management, capital structure, overall risk management, business diversification and market share, and competitive position in the markets in which we operate. Deterioration in any of these factors could impact our credit ratings.  Any rating downgrades could increase our costs in the event we were to obtain additional financing.

Should our credit rating be downgraded prior to a public debt offering, it is probable that we would have to offer a higher rate of interest to bond holders.  A downgrade to below investment grade may make a public debt offering difficult to execute on terms we would consider to be favorable.  A downgrade below investment grade could result in the termination of certain derivative contracts and the counterparties to the derivative instruments could request immediate payment or demand immediate and ongoing overnight collateralization on our derivative instruments in liability positions. A credit downgrade could damage our reputation and result in certain counterparties limiting their business with us, result in negative comments by analysts, potentially negatively impact investors’ and/or clients’ perception of us, cause clients to withdraw bank deposits that exceed FDIC insurance limits from our bank subsidiaries, and cause a decline in our stock price. None of our borrowing arrangements contains a condition or event of default related to our credit ratings. However, a credit downgrade would result in the firm incurring a higher facility fee on the Credit Facility, in addition to triggering a higher interest rate applicable to any borrowings outstanding on that line as of and subsequent to such downgrade. Conversely, an improvement in RJF’s current credit rating could have a favorable impact on the facility fee, as well as the interest rate applicable to any borrowings on such line.

Other sources and uses of liquidity

We have company-owned life insurance policies which are utilized to fund certain non-qualified deferred compensation plans and other employee benefit plans. Certain of our non-qualified deferred compensation plans and other employee benefit plans are employee-directed (i.e., the participant chooses investment portfolio benchmarks) while others are company-directed. Of the company-owned life insurance policies which fund these plans, certain policies could be used as a source of liquidity for the firm. Those policies against which we could readily borrow had a cash surrender value of $1.01 billion as of December 31, 2023, comprised of $667 million related to employee-directed plans and $343 million related to company-directed plans, and we were able to borrow up to 90%, or $909 million, of the December 31, 2023 total without restriction.  To effect any such borrowing, the underlying investments would be converted to money market investments, therefore requiring us to take market risk related to the employee-directed plans. There were no borrowings outstanding against any of these policies as of December 31, 2023.

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On May 12, 2021, we filed a “universal” shelf registration statement with the SEC pursuant to which we can issue debt, equity and other capital instruments if and when necessary or perceived by us to be opportune. Subject to certain conditions, this registration statement will be effective through May 12, 2024.

As part of our ongoing operations, we also enter into contractual arrangements that may require future cash payments, including certificates of deposit, lease obligations and other contractual arrangements, such as for software and various services. See Notes 11 and 12 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q and Notes 14 and 15 of our 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding our lease obligations and certificates of deposit, respectively. We have entered into investment commitments, lending commitments and other commitments to extend credit for which we are unable to reasonably predict the timing of future payments. See Note 15 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further information.

REGULATORY

Refer to the discussion of the regulatory environment in which we operate and the impact on our operations of certain rules and regulations in “Item 1 - Business - Regulation” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

RJF and many of its subsidiaries are each subject to various regulatory capital requirements. As of December 31, 2023, all of our active regulated domestic and international subsidiaries had net capital in excess of minimum requirements. In addition, RJF, Raymond James Bank, and TriState Capital Bank were categorized as “well-capitalized” as of December 31, 2023. The maintenance of certain risk-based and other regulatory capital levels could influence various capital allocation decisions impacting one or more of our businesses.  However, due to the current capital position of RJF and its regulated subsidiaries, we do not anticipate these capital requirements will have a negative impact on our future business activities. See Note 20 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and capital resources - Capital structure” of this Form 10-Q for further information on regulatory capital requirements.

The Department of Labor (“DOL”) recently proposed the “Retirement Security Rule.” This proposed regulation amends the definition of a “fiduciary” in connection with investment advice regarding employee benefit plans and individual retirement accounts (“the Proposed Fiduciary Rule”). Along with the Proposed Fiduciary Rule, the DOL issued proposed amendments to several prohibited transaction exemptions. If finalized, the Proposed Fiduciary Rule, along with the amended prohibited transaction exemptions, could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require us to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Management has established detailed policies and control procedures intended to ensure the appropriateness of such estimates and assumptions and their consistent application from period to period. For a description of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Due to their nature, estimates involve judgment based upon available information. Actual results or amounts could differ from estimates and the difference could have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements. Therefore, understanding these critical accounting estimates is important in understanding our reported results of operations and financial position. We believe that of our accounting estimates and assumptions, those described in the following sections involve a high degree of judgment and complexity.

Loss provisions

Loss provisions for legal and regulatory matters

The recorded amount of liabilities related to legal and regulatory matters is subject to significant management judgment. For a description of the significant estimates and judgments associated with establishing such accruals, see the “Contingent liabilities” section of Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K. In addition, refer to Note 15 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for information regarding legal and regulatory matters contingencies as of December 31, 2023.

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Allowance for credit losses

We evaluate certain of our financial assets, including bank loans, to estimate an allowance for credit losses based on expected credit losses over a financial asset’s lifetime. The remaining life of our financial assets is determined by considering contractual terms and expected prepayments, among other factors. We use multiple methodologies in estimating an allowance for credit losses and our approaches differ by type of financial asset and the risk characteristics within each financial asset type. Our estimates are based on ongoing evaluations of our financial assets, the related credit risk characteristics, and the overall economic and environmental conditions affecting the financial assets. Our process for determining the allowance for credit losses includes a complex analysis of several quantitative and qualitative factors requiring significant management judgment due to matters that are inherently uncertain. This uncertainty can produce volatility in our allowance for credit losses. In addition, the allowance for credit losses could be insufficient to cover actual losses. In such an event, any losses in excess of our allowance would result in a decrease in our net income, as well as a decrease in the level of regulatory capital.

We generally estimate the allowance for credit losses on bank loans using credit risk models which incorporate relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. After testing the reasonableness of a variety of economic forecast scenarios, each model is run using a single forecast scenario selected for each model. Our forecasts incorporate assumptions related to macroeconomic indicators including, but not limited to, U.S. gross domestic product, equity market indices, unemployment rates, and commercial real estate and residential home price indices.

To demonstrate the sensitivity of credit loss estimates on our bank loan portfolio to macroeconomic forecasts, we compared our modeled estimates under the base case economic scenario used to estimate the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2023, to what our estimate would have been under a downside case scenario and an upside scenario, without considering any offsetting effects in the qualitative component of our allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, use of the downside case scenario would have resulted in an increase of approximately $230 million in the quantitative portion of our allowance for credit losses on bank loans, while the use of the upside case would have resulted in a reduction of approximately $45 million in the quantitative portion of our allowance for credit losses on bank loans at December 31, 2023. These hypothetical outcomes reflect the relative sensitivity of the modeled portion of our allowance estimate to macroeconomic forecasted scenarios but do not consider any potential impact qualitative adjustments could have on the allowance for credit losses in such environments. Qualitative adjustments could either increase or decrease modeled loss estimates calculated using an alternative economic scenario assumption. Further, such sensitivity calculations do not necessarily reflect the nature and extent of future changes in the related allowance for a number of reasons including: (1) management’s predictions of future economic trends and relationships among the scenarios may differ from actual events; and (2) management’s application of subjective measures to modeled results through the qualitative portion of the allowance for credit losses when appropriate. The downside case scenario utilized in this hypothetical sensitivity analysis assumes a moderate recession. To the extent macroeconomic conditions worsen beyond those assumed in this downside case scenario, we could incur provisions for credit losses significantly in excess of those estimated in this analysis.

See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding our methodologies and assumptions used in estimating the allowance for credit losses. See Note 7 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for information regarding our allowance for credit losses related to bank loans as of December 31, 2023.

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

In November 2023, the FASB issued amended guidance related to disclosures for segment reporting (ASU 2023-07). The amendment requires a public entity to disclose on an annual and interim basis, for each reportable segment, the significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The guidance also requires a public entity to disclose, for each reportable segment, an amount for other segment items (those not captured as a significant expense) and the reported measure of a segment’s profit or loss. This new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning in our fiscal 2025 and interim periods beginning in our fiscal first quarter of 2026 with early adoption permitted. This guidance will be applied on a retrospective basis. We are evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on our disclosures.

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In December 2023, the FASB issued amended guidance related to disclosures for income taxes (ASU 2023-09). The amendment requires a public entity to enhance its existing annual tabular reconciliation of its statutory income tax rate to its effective tax rate, with certain reconciling items at or above 5% of the applicable statutory income tax rate broken out by nature and/or jurisdiction. The guidance also requires an entity to disclose income taxes paid (net of refunds received), disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes, and net amounts paid to an individual jurisdiction when they represent 5% or more of the total income taxes paid. This new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning in our fiscal 2026 with early adoption permitted. This guidance will be applied on a prospective basis with retrospective application permitted. We are evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on our disclosures.

See Note 2 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for information regarding new accounting guidance we adopted during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

RISK MANAGEMENT

Risks are an inherent part of our business and activities. Management of risk is critical to our fiscal soundness and profitability. Our risk management processes are multi-faceted and require communication, judgment, and knowledge of financial products and markets. We have a formal Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) program to assess and review aggregate risks across the firm. Our management takes an active role in the ERM process, which requires specific administrative and business functions to participate in the identification, assessment, monitoring and control of various risks.

The principal risks related to our business activities are market, credit, liquidity, operational, model, and compliance.

Governance

Our Board of Directors, including its Risk Committee and Audit Committee, oversees the firm’s management and mitigation of risk, reinforcing a culture that encourages ethical conduct and risk management throughout the firm.  Senior management communicates and reinforces this culture through three lines of risk management and a number of senior-level management committees.  Our first line of risk management, which includes all of our businesses, owns its risks and is responsible for identifying, mitigating, and escalating risks arising from its day-to-day activities.  The second line of risk management, which includes Compliance and Risk Management, advises our client-facing businesses and other first-line functions in identifying, assessing, and mitigating risk. The second line of risk management tests and monitors the effectiveness of controls, as deemed necessary, and escalates risks when appropriate to senior management and the Board of Directors.  The third line of risk management, Internal Audit, independently reviews activities conducted by the previous lines of risk management to assess their management and mitigation of risk, providing additional assurance to the Board of Directors and senior management, with a view toward enhancing our oversight, management, and mitigation of risk. Our legal department provides legal advice and guidance to each of these three lines of risk management.

Market risk

Market risk is our risk of loss resulting from the impact of changes in market prices on our trading inventory, derivatives, and investment positions. We have exposure to market risk primarily through our broker-dealer trading operations and our banking operations. Through our broker-dealer subsidiaries, we trade debt obligations and equity securities and maintain trading inventories to ensure availability of securities to facilitate client transactions. Inventory levels may fluctuate daily as a result of client demand. We also hold investments within our available-for-sale securities portfolio, and from time to time may hold Small Business Administration loan securitizations not yet sold. Our primary market risks relate to interest rates, equity prices, and foreign exchange rates. Interest rate risk results from changes in levels of interest rates, the volatility of interest rates, mortgage prepayment speeds, and credit spreads. Equity risk results from changes in prices of equity securities. Foreign exchange risk results from changes in spot prices, forward prices, and volatility of foreign exchange rates. See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K and Notes 3, 4, and 5 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for fair value and other information regarding our trading inventories, available-for-sale securities, and derivative instruments.

We regularly enter into underwriting commitments and, as a result, we may be subject to market risk on any unsold securities issued in the offerings to which we are committed. Risk exposure is controlled by limiting our participation, the transaction size, or through the syndication process.

The Market Risk Management department is responsible for measuring, monitoring, and reporting market risks associated with the firm’s trading and derivative portfolios. While Market Risk Management maintains ongoing communication with the revenue-generating business units, it is independent of such units.

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Interest rate risk

Trading activities

We are exposed to interest rate risk as a result of our trading inventory (primarily comprised of fixed income instruments) in our Capital Markets segment. Changes in the value of our trading inventory may result from fluctuations in interest rates, credit spreads, equity prices, macroeconomic factors, investor expectations or risk appetites, liquidity, as well as dynamic relationships between these factors. We actively manage interest rate risk arising from our fixed income trading inventory through the use of hedging strategies utilizing U.S. Treasuries, exchange traded funds, futures contracts, liquid spread products, and derivatives.

Our primary method for controlling risks within trading inventories is through the use of dollar-based and exposure-based limits. A hierarchy of limits exists at multiple levels, including firm, business unit, desk (e.g., for equities, corporate bonds, municipal bonds), product sub-type (e.g., below-investment-grade positions) and issuer concentration. For derivative positions, which are primarily comprised of interest rate swaps, we have established sensitivity-based and foreign exchange spot limits. Trading positions and derivatives are monitored against these limits through daily reports that are distributed to senior management. During volatile markets, we may temporarily reduce limits and/or choose to pare our trading inventories to reduce risk.

We monitor Value-at-Risk (“VaR”) for all of our trading portfolios on a daily basis for risk management purposes and as a result of applying the Fed’s Market Risk Rule (“MRR”) for the purpose of calculating our capital ratios. The MRR, also known as the “Risk-Based Capital Guidelines: Market Risk” rule released by the Fed, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the FDIC, requires us to calculate VaR for all of our trading portfolios, including fixed income, equity, derivatives, and foreign exchange instruments. VaR is an appropriate statistical technique for estimating potential losses in trading portfolios due to typical adverse market movements over a specified time horizon with a suitable confidence level. However, there are inherent limitations to utilizing VaR including: historical movements in markets may not accurately predict future market movements; VaR does not take into account the liquidity of individual positions; VaR does not estimate losses over longer time horizons; and extended periods of one-directional markets potentially distort risks within the portfolio. In addition, should markets become more volatile, actual trading losses may exceed VaR results presented on a single day and might accumulate over a longer time horizon. As a result, management complements VaR with sensitivity analysis and stress testing and employs additional controls such as a daily review of trading results, review of aged inventory, independent review of pricing, monitoring of concentrations, and review of issuer ratings.

To calculate VaR, we use models that incorporate historical simulation. This approach assumes that historical changes in market conditions, such as in interest rates and equity prices, are representative of future changes. Simulation is based on daily market data for the previous twelve months. VaR is reported at a 99% confidence level for a one-day time horizon. Assuming that future market conditions change as they have in the past twelve months, we would expect to incur losses greater than those predicted by our one-day VaR estimates about once every 100 trading days, or about three times per year on average. For regulatory capital calculation purposes, we also report VaR and Stressed VaR numbers for a ten-day time horizon. The VaR model is independently reviewed by our Model Risk Management function. See “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management - Model risk” of our 2023 Form 10-K for further information.

The modeling of the risk characteristics of trading positions involves a number of assumptions and approximations that management believes to be reasonable. However, there is no uniform industry methodology for estimating VaR, and different assumptions or approximations could produce materially different VaR estimates. As a result, VaR results are more reliable when used as indicators of risk levels and trends within a firm than as a basis for inferring differences in risk-taking across firms.

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The following table sets forth the high, low, period-end and average daily one-day VaR for all of our trading portfolios, including fixed income and equity instruments, and for our derivatives for the periods and dates indicated.

						Three months ended December 31, 2023												Period-end VaR																		Three months ended December 31,
$ in millions						High						Low						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023						$ in millions						2023						2022
Daily VaR						$	3					$	1					$	1					$	2					Average daily VaR						$	2					$	2

Period-end VaR was lower at December 31, 2023 compared with September 30, 2023, due to lower net exposure as a result of a change in the mix of our trading inventory.

The Fed’s MRR requires us to perform daily back-testing procedures for our VaR model, whereby we compare each day’s projected VaR to its regulatory-defined daily trading losses, which exclude fees, commissions, reserves, net interest income, and intraday trading. Regulatory-defined daily trading losses are used to evaluate the performance of our VaR model and are not comparable to our actual daily net revenues. Based on these daily “ex ante” versus “ex post” comparisons, we determine whether the number of times that regulatory-defined daily trading losses exceed VaR is consistent with our expectations at a 99% confidence level. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, our regulatory-defined daily losses in our trading portfolios did not exceed our predicted VaR.

Separately, RJF provides additional market risk disclosures to comply with the MRR, including 10-day VaR and 10-day Stressed VaR, which are available on our website at https://www.raymondjames.com/investor-relations/financial-information/filings-and-reports within “Other Reports and Information.”

Banking operations

Our Bank segment maintains an interest-earning asset portfolio that is comprised of cash, SBL, C&I loans, CRE loans, REIT loans, residential mortgage loans, and tax-exempt loans, as well as securities held in the available-for-sale securities portfolio.  These interest-earning assets are primarily funded by client deposits.  Based on the current asset portfolio, our banking operations are subject to interest rate risk.  We analyze interest rate risk based on forecasted net interest income, which is the net amount of interest received and interest paid, and the net portfolio valuation, both across a range of interest rate scenarios.

One of the objectives of our Asset and Liability Committee is to manage the sensitivity of net interest income to changes in market interest rates. This committee uses several measures to monitor and limit interest rate risk in our banking operations, including scenario analysis and economic value of equity (“EVE”). We utilize hedging strategies using interest rate swaps in our banking operations as a component of our asset and liability management process. For further information regarding this hedging strategy, see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K and Notes 12 and 13 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q. See “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and capital resources” of our 2023 Form 10-K for further information.

To ensure that we remain within the tolerances established for net interest income, a sensitivity analysis of net interest income to interest rate conditions is estimated under a variety of scenarios. We use simulation models and estimation techniques to assess the sensitivity of net interest income to movements in interest rates. The model estimates the sensitivity by calculating interest income and interest expense in a dynamic balance sheet environment using current repricing, prepayment, and reinvestment of cash flow assumptions over a 12-month time horizon. Assumptions used in the model include interest rate movement, the slope of the yield curve, and balance sheet composition and growth. The model also considers interest rate-related risks such as pricing spreads, pricing of client cash accounts, including deposit betas, and prepayments. Various interest rate scenarios are modeled in order to determine the effect those scenarios may have on net interest income.

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The following table is an analysis of our banking operations’ estimated net interest income over a 12-month period based on instantaneous shifts in interest rates (expressed in basis points) using our previously described asset/liability model, which assumes a dynamic balance sheet, a weighted-average deposit beta on our interest-bearing deposit accounts without stated maturities of approximately 40% as both interest rates rise and fall, and that interest rates do not decline below zero. While not presented, additional rate scenarios are performed, including interest rate ramps and yield curve shifts that may more realistically mimic the speed of potential interest rate movements. We also perform simulations on time horizons of up to five years to assess longer-term impacts to various interest rate scenarios. On a quarterly basis, we test expected model results to actual performance. Additionally, any changes made to key assumptions in the model are documented and approved by the Asset and Liability Committee.

Instantaneous changes in rate (1)						Net interest income ($ in millions)						Projected change in net interest income
+200						$1,971						13%
+100						$1,892						8%
0						$1,745						—%
-100						$1,642						(6)%
-200						$1,548						(11)%

(1)Our 0-basis point scenario was based on interest rates as of December 31, 2023.

The preceding table does not include the impacts of an instantaneous change in interest rates on net interest income on assets and liabilities outside of our banking operations or on our RJBDP fees from third-party banks, which are also sensitive to changes in interest rates and are included in “Account and service fees” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Net interest analysis” of this Form 10-Q for additional information on our net interest income.

We have classified all of our investments in debt securities as available-for-sale and have not classified any of our investments in debt securities as held-to-maturity. In our available-for-sale securities portfolio, we hold primarily fixed-rate agency-backed MBS, agency-backed CMOs, and U.S. Treasuries, which are carried at fair value on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, with changes in the fair value of the portfolio recorded through OCI on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. As the majority of our available-for-sale securities portfolio is comprised of U.S. government and government agency-backed securities, changes in fair value are primarily driven by changes in interest rates. At December 31, 2023, our available-for-sale securities portfolio had a fair value of $9.20 billion with a weighted-average yield of 2.13% and a weighted-average life, after factoring in estimated prepayments, of 4.0 years. To evaluate the interest rate sensitivity of our available-for-sale securities portfolio we also monitor, among other things, effective duration, defined as the approximate percentage change in price for a 100-basis point change in rates. As of December 31, 2023, the effective duration of our available-for-sale securities portfolio was approximately 3.37, which means that we would expect the market value of our available-for-sale securities portfolio to decline approximately 3.37% for every 100-basis point increase in interest rates and increase approximately 3.37% for every 100-basis point decline in interest rates. See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K and Note 4 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for additional information on our available-for-sale securities portfolio.

The Asset and Liability Committee also reviews EVE, which is a point in time analysis of current interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities that incorporates all cash flows over their estimated remaining lives, discounted at current rates. The EVE approach is based on a static balance sheet and provides an indicator of future earnings and capital levels as the changes in EVE indicate the anticipated change in the value of future cash flows. We monitor sensitivity to changes in EVE utilizing Board of Directors-approved limits. These limits set a risk tolerance to changing interest rates and assist in determining strategies for mitigating this risk as EVE approaches these limits. As of December 31, 2023, our EVE analyses were within approved limits.

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The following table shows the maturities of our bank loan portfolio at December 31, 2023, including contractual principal repayments.  Maturities are generally determined based upon contractual terms; however, rollovers or extensions that are included for the purposes of measuring the allowance for credit losses are reflected in maturities in the following table. This table does not include any estimates of prepayments, which could shorten the average loan lives and cause the actual timing of the loan repayments to differ significantly from those shown in the table.

						Due in
$ in millions						One year or less						> One year - five years						> Five years - fifteen years						> Fifteen years						Total
SBL						$	14,096					$	514					$	36					$	1					$	14,647
C&I loans						1,403						6,802						2,259						39						10,503
CRE loans						781						4,711						1,825						14						7,331
REIT loans						339						1,298						60						—						1,697
Residential mortgage loans						7						37						174						8,643						8,861
Tax-exempt loans						13						308						1,090						—						1,411
Total loans held for investment						16,639						13,670						5,444						8,697						44,450
Held for sale loans						—						—						45						166						211
Total loans held for sale and investment						$	16,639					$	13,670					$	5,489					$	8,863					$	44,661

The following table shows the distribution of the recorded investment of those bank loans that mature in more than one year between fixed and adjustable interest rate loans at December 31, 2023.

						Interest rate type
$ in millions						Fixed						Adjustable						Total
SBL						$	45					$	506					$	551
C&I loans						868						8,232						9,100
CRE loans						458						6,092						6,550
REIT loans						—						1,358						1,358
Residential mortgage loans						223						8,631						8,854
Tax-exempt loans						1,398						—						1,398
Total loans held for investment						2,992						24,819						27,811
Held for sale loans						3						208						211
Total loans held for sale and investment						$	2,995					$	25,027					$	28,022

Contractual loan terms for SBL, C&I loans, CRE loans, REIT loans, and residential mortgage loans may include an interest rate floor, cap and/or fixed interest rates for a certain period of time, which would impact the timing of the interest rate reset for the respective loan. See the discussion within the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management - Credit risk - Risk monitoring process” section of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding our interest-only residential mortgage loan portfolio.

Equity price risk

We are exposed to equity price risk as a result of our capital markets activities. Our broker-dealer activities are generally client-driven, and we carry equity securities as part of our trading inventory to facilitate such activities, although the amounts are not as significant as our fixed income trading inventory.  We attempt to reduce the risk of loss inherent in our inventory of equity securities by monitoring those security positions each day and establishing position limits. Equity securities held in our trading inventory are generally included in VaR.

In addition, we have a private equity portfolio, included in “Other investments” on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which is primarily comprised of investments in third-party funds. See Note 3 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for additional information on this portfolio.

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Foreign exchange risk

We are subject to foreign exchange risk due to our investments in foreign subsidiaries as well as transactions and resulting balances denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar (“USD”). For example, our bank loan portfolio includes loans which are denominated in Canadian dollars (“CAD”), totaling $1.40 billion as of both December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, when converted to the USD. A majority of such loans are held in a Canadian subsidiary of Raymond James Bank, which is discussed in the following sections.

Investments in foreign subsidiaries

Raymond James Bank has an investment in a Canadian subsidiary, resulting in foreign exchange risk. To mitigate its foreign exchange risk, Raymond James Bank utilizes short-term, forward foreign exchange contracts. These derivatives are primarily accounted for as net investment hedges in the condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K and Note 5 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further information regarding these derivatives.

At December 31, 2023, we had foreign exchange risk in our investment in RJ Ltd. of CAD 429 million and in our investment in Charles Stanley of £289 million, which were not hedged. We had other, less significant investments in foreign domiciled subsidiaries, primarily in Europe, which were not hedged; however, we do not believe we had material foreign exchange risk either individually, or in the aggregate, pertaining to these subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023. Foreign exchange gains/losses related to our foreign investments are primarily reflected in OCI on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. See Note 16 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further information regarding our components of OCI.

Transactions and resulting balances denominated in a currency other than the USD

We are subject to foreign exchange risk due to our holdings of cash and certain other assets and liabilities resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than the USD. Any currency-related gains/losses arising from these foreign currency denominated balances are reflected in “Other” revenues in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The foreign exchange risk associated with a portion of such transactions and balances denominated in foreign currency are mitigated utilizing short-term, forward foreign exchange contracts. Such derivatives are not designated hedges and therefore, the related gains/losses are included in “Other” revenues in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. See Note 5 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for information regarding our derivatives.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of loss due to adverse changes in a borrower’s, issuer’s, or counterparty’s ability to meet its financial obligations under contractual or agreed-upon terms. The nature and amount of credit risk depends on the type of transaction, the structure and duration of that transaction, and the parties involved. Credit risk is an integral component of the profit assessment of lending and other financing activities. See further discussion of our credit risk, including how we manage such risk, in “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management - Credit risk” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Corporate activities

We maintain cash balances with the Fed and with various financial institutions, primarily global systemically important financial institutions, in our normal course of business. A large portion of such balances are in excess of FDIC insurance limits. As a result, we may be exposed to the risk that these financial institutions may not return our cash to us in the event that the institution experiences financial distress or ceases its operations. In order to mitigate our credit risk to such financial institutions, we monitor our exposure with each institution on a daily basis and subject each institution to limits based on various factors including but not limited to financial strength, capitalization levels, liquidity, credit ratings, and market factors to the extent applicable.

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Brokerage activities

We are engaged in various trading and brokerage activities in which our counterparties primarily include broker-dealers, banks, exchanges, clearing organizations, and other financial institutions. We are exposed to risk that these counterparties may not fulfill their obligations. In addition, certain commitments, including underwritings, may create exposure to individual issuers and businesses. The risk of default depends on the creditworthiness of the counterparty and/or the issuer of the instrument. In addition, we may be subject to concentration risk if we hold large positions in or have large commitments to a single counterparty, borrower, or group of similar counterparties or borrowers (e.g., in the same industry). We seek to mitigate these risks by imposing and monitoring individual and aggregate position limits within each business segment for each counterparty, conducting regular credit reviews of financial counterparties, reviewing security, derivative and loan concentrations, holding collateral as security for certain transactions and conducting business through clearing organizations, which may guarantee performance. See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K and Notes 5 and 6 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further information about our credit risk mitigation related to derivatives and collateralized agreements.

Our client activities involve the execution, settlement, and financing of various transactions on behalf of our clients. Client activities are transacted on either a cash or margin basis. Credit exposure results from client margin loans, which are monitored daily and are collateralized by the securities in the clients’ accounts. We monitor exposure to industry sectors and individual securities on a daily basis in connection with our margin lending activities. We adjust our margin requirements if we believe our risk exposure is not appropriate based on market conditions. In addition, when clients execute a purchase, we are at some risk that the client will default on their financial obligation associated with the trade. If this occurs, we may have to liquidate the position at a loss. See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information about our determination of the allowance for credit losses associated with certain of our brokerage lending activities.

We offer loans to financial advisors for recruiting and retention purposes. We have credit risk and may incur a loss primarily in the event that such borrower is no longer affiliated with us. See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K and Note 8 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for further information about our loans to financial advisors.

Banking activities

Our Bank segment has a substantial loan portfolio.  Our strategy for credit risk management related to bank loans includes well-defined credit policies, uniform underwriting criteria, and ongoing risk monitoring and review processes for all credit exposures. The strategy also includes diversification across loan types, geographic locations, industries and clients, regular credit examinations and management reviews of all corporate and tax-exempt loans as well as individual delinquent residential loans. The credit risk management process also includes independent reviews at least annually of the credit risk monitoring process that performs assessments of compliance with credit policies, risk ratings, and other critical credit information. We seek to identify potential problem loans early, record any necessary risk rating changes and charge-offs promptly, and maintain appropriate reserve levels for expected losses. We utilize a thorough credit risk rating system to measure the credit quality of individual corporate and tax-exempt loans and related unfunded lending commitments. For our residential mortgage loans and substantially all of our SBL, we utilize the credit risk rating system used by bank regulators in measuring the credit quality of each homogeneous class of loans. In evaluating credit risk, we consider trends in loan performance, historical experience through various economic cycles, industry or client concentrations, the loan portfolio composition and macroeconomic factors (both current and forecasted). These factors have a potentially negative impact on loan performance and net charge-offs.

While our bank loan portfolio is diversified, a significant downturn in the overall economy, deterioration in real estate values or a significant issue within any sector or sectors where we have a concentration will generally result in large provisions for credit losses and/or charge-offs. We determine the allowance required for specific loan pools based on relative risk characteristics of the loan portfolio. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our methods for determining the allowance for each class of loans and make enhancements we consider appropriate. Our allowance for credit losses methodology is described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K. As our bank loan portfolio is segregated into six portfolio segments, likewise, the allowance for credit losses is segregated by these same segments.  See “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management - Credit risk” of our 2023 Form 10-K for further information about the risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment.

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The level of charge-off activity is a factor that is considered in evaluating the potential severity of future credit losses. The following table presents net loan (charge-offs)/recoveries and the annualized percentage of net loan (charge-offs)/recoveries to the average outstanding loan balances by loan portfolio segment.

												Three months ended December 31,
																		2023												2022
$ in millions																														Net loan (charge-off)/recovery amount						Annualized % of avg. outstanding loans						Net loan (charge-off)/recovery amount						Annualized % of avg. outstanding loans
C&I loans																														$	(6)					0.23		%				$	(4)					0.14		%
CRE loans																														(2)						0.11		%				2						0.12		%
Total loans held for sale and investment																														$	(8)					0.07		%				$	(2)					0.02		%

The level of nonperforming assets is another indicator of potential future credit losses. Nonperforming assets are comprised of both nonperforming loans and other real estate owned. Nonperforming loans include those loans which have been placed on nonaccrual status and certain accruing loans which are 90 days or more past due and in the process of collection. The following table presents the balance of nonperforming loans, nonperforming assets, and related key credit ratios.

$ in millions						December 31, 2023						September 30, 2023
Nonperforming loans (1)						$	164					$	128
Nonperforming assets						$	164					$	128
Nonperforming loans as a % of total loans held for sale and investment						0.37		%				0.29		%
Allowance for credit losses as a % of nonperforming loans						292		%				370		%
Nonperforming assets as a % of Bank segment total assets						0.27		%				0.21		%

(1)Nonperforming loans at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 included $87 million and $96 million of loans, respectively, which were current pursuant to their contractual terms.

The increase in nonperforming loans and assets as of December 31, 2023 as compared with September 30, 2023 was primarily due to two loans that were placed on nonaccrual status with an associated allowance during the three months ended December 31, 2023. See table summarizing nonaccrual loans by category in Note 7 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q. Although our nonperforming assets as a percentage of our Bank segment’s assets remained low as of December 31, 2023, any prolonged period of market deterioration could result in an increase in our nonperforming assets, an increase in our allowance for credit losses and/or an increase in net charge-offs in future periods, although the extent would depend on future developments that are highly uncertain.

See further explanation of our bank loan portfolio segments, allowance for credit losses, and the credit loss provision in Note 7 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis - Results of Operations - Bank” of this Form 10-Q and Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Loan underwriting policies

Our underwriting policies for the major types of bank loans are described in “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management - Credit risk” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

Risk monitoring process

Another component of credit risk strategy for our bank loan portfolio is the ongoing risk monitoring and review processes, including our internal loan review process, as well as our rigorous processes to manage and limit credit losses arising from loan delinquencies. There are various other factors included in these processes, depending on the loan portfolio. There were no significant changes to those processes during the three months ended December 31, 2023. See further discussion of our risk monitoring process in “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management - Credit risk - Banking activities” of our 2023 Form 10-K.

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SBL and residential mortgage loan portfolios

Substantially all collateral securing our SBL portfolio is monitored on a daily basis. Collateral adjustments, as triggered by our monitoring procedures, are made by the borrower as necessary to ensure our loans are adequately secured, resulting in minimizing our credit risk. Collateral calls have been minimal relative to our SBL portfolio with no losses incurred during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

We track and review many factors to monitor credit risk in our residential mortgage loan portfolio. The factors include, but are not limited to: loan performance trends, loan product parameters and qualification requirements, borrower credit scores, level of documentation, loan purpose, geographic concentrations, average loan size, risk rating, and LTV ratios. See Note 7 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q for additional information about our residential mortgage loan portfolio.

The following table presents a summary of delinquent residential mortgage loans, the vast majority of which are first mortgage loans, which are comprised of loans which are two or more payments past due as well as loans in the process of foreclosure.

						Amount of delinquent residential mortgage loans																		Delinquent residential mortgage loans as a percentage of outstanding residential mortgage loan balances
$ in millions						30-89 days						90 days or more						Total						30-89 days						90 days or more						Total
December 31, 2023						$	5					$	3					$	8					0.06		%				0.03		%				0.09		%
September 30, 2023						$	3					$	4					$	7					0.03		%				0.05		%				0.08		%

Our December 31, 2023 percentage compares favorably to the national average for over 30 day delinquencies of 1.88%, as most recently reported by the Fed.

Credit risk is also managed by diversifying the residential mortgage portfolio. Most of the loans in our residential loan portfolio are to PCG clients across the U.S. The following table details the geographic concentrations (top five states) of our one-to-four family residential mortgage loans.

						December 31, 2023
						Loans outstanding as a % of total residential mortgage loans held for sale and investment						Loans outstanding as a % of total loans held for sale and investment
California						24%						5%
Florida						18%						4%
Texas						8%						2%
New York						8%						1%
Colorado						4%						1%

The occurrence of a natural disaster or severe weather event in any of these states, for example wildfires in California and hurricanes in Florida, could result in additional credit loss provisions and/or charge-offs on our loans in such states and therefore negatively impact our net income and regulatory capital in any given period.

Loans where borrowers may be subject to payment increases include adjustable rate mortgage loans with terms that initially require payment of interest only.  Payments may increase significantly when the interest-only period ends and the loan principal begins to amortize.  At December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, these loans totaled $2.87 billion and $2.85 billion, respectively, or approximately 32% and 33% of the residential mortgage portfolio, respectively.  The weighted-average number of years before the remainder of the loans, which were still in their interest-only period at December 31, 2023, begins amortizing is six years.

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Corporate and tax-exempt loans

Credit risk in our corporate and tax-exempt loan portfolios is monitored on an individual loan basis. The majority of our tax-exempt loan portfolio is comprised of loans to investment-grade borrowers. Credit risk is managed by diversifying the corporate bank loan portfolio. Our corporate bank loan portfolio does not contain a significant concentration in any single industry. The following table details the industry concentrations (top five categories) of our corporate bank loans.

						December 31, 2023
						Loans outstanding as a % of total corporate bank loans held for sale and investment						Loans outstanding as a % of total loans held for sale and investment
Multi-family						12%						5%
Industrial warehouse						9%						4%
Office real estate						7%						3%
Loan fund						6%						3%
Subscription lines of credit						5%						2%

The Fed’s measures to control inflation, including through increases in short-term interest rates in prior fiscal years, have had a dampening effect on the economy. Coupled with the present uncertainty regarding future Fed interest rate cuts, both in terms of timing and magnitude, all lead to our expectation that such dampening will continue during our fiscal 2024. These and related factors could continue to negatively impact our borrowers. We continue to closely monitor economic factors, including inflation, interest rates, and a potential recession, that may impact our corporate loan portfolio, including our CRE portfolio. We continue to maintain conservative underwriting standards for our CRE portfolio, including LTV limits that generally range between 65% to 80% at origination depending upon property type. LTV ratios are subject to change over the life of the loan as property values change. Our underwriting standards for our CRE portfolio, including LTV at origination, may be tightened in times of uncertainty. Further, within the CRE portfolio, we have limited our exposure to office real estate loans to 3% of total loans held for sale and investment. In addition, we have sold and may continue to sell corporate loans as part of our credit risk mitigation strategies.

Liquidity risk

See the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and capital resources” of this Form 10-Q for information regarding our liquidity and how we manage liquidity risk.

Operational risk

Operational risk generally refers to the risk of loss resulting from our operations, including, but not limited to, business disruptions, improper or unauthorized execution and processing of transactions, deficiencies in our technology or financial operating systems and inadequacies or breaches in our control processes, including cybersecurity incidents. See “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management - Operational risk” of our 2023 Form 10-K for a discussion of our operational risk and certain of our risk mitigation processes.

Periods of severe market volatility can result in a significantly higher level of transactions on specific days, which may present operational challenges from time to time that may result in losses. These losses can result from, but are not limited to, trade errors, failed transaction settlements, late collateral calls to borrowers and counterparties, or interruptions to our system processing. We did not incur any significant losses related to such operational challenges during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

As more fully described in the discussion of our business technology risks included in various risk factors presented in “Item 1A - Risk Factors” of our 2023 Form 10-K, despite our implementation of protective measures and endeavoring to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to human error, natural disasters, power loss, cyber-attacks and other information security breaches, and other events that could have an impact on the security and stability of our operations.

Model risk

Model risk refers to the possibility of unintended business outcomes arising from the design, implementation or use of models. See “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management - Model risk” of our 2023 Form 10-K for information regarding how we utilize models throughout the firm and how we manage model risk.

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Compliance risk

Compliance risk is the risk of legal or regulatory sanctions, financial loss, or reputational damage that the firm may suffer from a failure to comply with applicable laws, external standards, or internal requirements. See “Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management - Compliance risk” of our 2023 Form 10-K for information on our compliance risks, including how we manage such risks.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

See “Item 2 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Risk management” of this Form 10-Q for our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls are procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, such as this report, are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as ours are designed to do, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 13a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes during the three months ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

We did not have any sales of unregistered securities for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

We purchase our own stock from time to time in conjunction with a number of activities, each of which is described in the following paragraphs. The following table presents information on our purchases of our own stock, on a monthly basis, for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

			Total number of shares purchased						Average price per share						Number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs						Approximate dollar value (in millions) at each month-end of securities that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
October 1, 2023 – October 31, 2023			2,602						$	100.13					—						$750
November 1, 2023 – November 30, 2023			516,466						$	99.63					439,678						$1,500
December 1, 2023 – December 31, 2023			970,735						$	110.03					968,566						$1,393
First quarter			1,489,803						$	106.40					1,408,244

In November 2023, the Board of Directors authorized repurchase of our common stock in an aggregate amount of up to $1.5 billion, which replaced the previous authorization.

In the preceding table, the total number of shares purchased includes shares purchased pursuant to the Restricted Stock Trust Fund, which was established to acquire our common stock in the open market and used to settle RSUs granted as a retention vehicle for certain employees of our wholly-owned Canadian subsidiaries. For more information on this trust fund, see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our 2023 Form 10-K and Note 9 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q. These activities do not utilize the repurchase authorization presented in the preceding table.

The total number of shares purchased also includes shares repurchased as a result of employees surrendering shares as payment for option exercises or withholding taxes. These activities do not utilize the repurchase authorization presented in the preceding table.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number			Description
3.1.1			Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Raymond James Financial, Inc. as filed with the Secretary of State of Florida on February 28, 2022, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 9, 2022.
3.1.2			Articles of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Raymond James Financial, Inc. relating to the Raymond James Financial, Inc. 6.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.10 par value per share, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 31, 2022.
3.1.3			Articles of Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Raymond James Financial, Inc. relating to the Raymond James Financial, Inc. 6.375% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Series B Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, $0.10 par value per share, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 31, 2022.
3.2			Amended and Restated By-Laws of Raymond James Financial, Inc., reflecting amendments adopted by the Board of Directors on August 21, 2023, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 25, 2023.
31.1			Certification of Paul C. Reilly pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2			Certification of Paul M. Shoukry pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32			Certification of Paul C. Reilly and Paul M. Shoukry pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS			XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

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RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Management’s Discussion and Analysis						Index

    

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

									RAYMOND JAMES FINANCIAL, INC.
									(Registrant)
Date:			February 7, 2024						/s/ Paul C. Reilly
									Paul C. Reilly
									Chair and Chief Executive Officer
Date:			February 7, 2024						/s/ Paul M. Shoukry
									Paul M. Shoukry
									Chief Financial Officer

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