As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2022

Registration No. [*] 

Copies to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box. x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ¨  

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state or other jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion, dated April 18, 2022

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

[*] Shares of Common Stock

This is an initial public offering of [*] shares of Treasure Global Inc common stock, par value, $0.00001 per share.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. We anticipate that the initial public offering price will be between $[*] and $[*]. We will intend to have our common stock listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “[*],” which listing is a condition to this offering. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in listing our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market. After the completion of this initial public offering, we will not be a “Controlled Company” as defined by The Nasdaq Market LLC.

We intend to use the proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital. See “Use of Proceeds.”

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page [*] of this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our common stock.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We are an “emerging growth company” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “Jobs Act”), and we have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements.

(1) Represents underwriting discount and commissions equal to seven percent (7%) per share (or $[*]  per share), which is the underwriting discount we have agreed to pay on all investors in this offering introduced by the underwriters in this offering.

(2) Does not include an accountable expense allowance of up to $150,000 from the gross proceeds of this offering payable to EF Hutton, as representative of the underwriters or non-accountable expense allowance of one percent (1.0%) of the gross proceeds of this offering payable to EF Hutton. See “Underwriting” beginning on page [*] of this prospectus for a description of all compensation payable to the underwriters.

In addition to the underwriting discounts listed above and the non-accountable expense allowance described in the footnote, we have agreed to issue upon the closing of this offering to EF Hutton, as representative of the underwriters, warrants that will expire on the fifth anniversary of the effective date of this registration statement entitling the representative to purchase 5% of the number of shares of common stock sold in this offering. The registration statement of which this prospectus is a part also covers the underwriters’ warrants and the common shares issuable upon the exercise thereof. For additional information regarding our arrangement with the underwriters, please see “Underwriting” beginning on page [*].

We have granted the representative of the underwriters an option to purchase from us, at the public offering price, up to [*] additional shares of common stock, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, within 45 days from the date of this prospectus to cover over-allotments, if any. If the representative of the underwriters exercises the option in full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions payable will be $[*], and the total proceeds to us, before expenses, will be $[*].

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment on or about [*], 2022.

EF HUTTON

division of Benchmark Investments, LLC

Prospectus dated [*], 2022

Table of Contents

Through and including [*], 2022 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement or amendment. Neither we, nor the underwriters, have authorized any other person to provide you with information that is different from, or adds to, that contained in this prospectus. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. Neither we nor the underwriters take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus or any free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. We are not making an offer of any securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer is unlawful.

No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside the United States to permit a public offering of our common stock or possession or distribution of this prospectus in that jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions as to this public offering and the distribution of this prospectus applicable to that jurisdiction.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

Throughout this prospectus, unless otherwise designated or the context suggests otherwise,

Market Data

Market data and certain industry data and forecasts used throughout this prospectus were obtained from internal company surveys, market research, consultant surveys, publicly available information, reports of governmental agencies and industry publications and surveys. Industry surveys, publications, consultant surveys and forecasts generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. To our knowledge, certain third-party industry data that includes projections for future periods does not take into account the effects of the worldwide coronavirus pandemic. Accordingly, those third-party projections may be overstated and should not be given undue weight. Forecasts are particularly likely to be inaccurate, especially over long periods of time. In addition, we do not necessarily know what assumptions regarding general economic growth were used in preparing the forecasts we cite. Statements as to our market position are based on the most currently available data. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data presented in this prospectus, our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=MY.

RISK FACTORS

Our business is subject to many risks and uncertainties, which may affect our future financial performance. If any of the events or circumstances described below occur, our business and financial performance could be adversely affected, our actual results could differ materially from our expectations, and the price of our stock could decline. The risks and uncertainties discussed below are not the only ones we face. There may be additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material that may adversely affect our business and financial performance. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all other information included in this prospectus including our financial statements and related notes, before making an investment decision. The statements contained in this prospectus that are not historic facts are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by forward-looking statements. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and investors in our securities may lose all or part of their investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

We have a limited operating history in an evolving industry, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.

The Company has a limited operating history on which to base an evaluation of its business and prospects. The Company is subject to all the risks inherent in a small company seeking to develop, market and distribute new services, particularly companies in evolving markets such as the internet, technology, and payment systems. The likelihood of the Company’s success must be considered, in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays frequently encountered in connection with the development, introduction, marketing and distribution of new products and services in a competitive environment.

Such risks for the Company include, but are not limited to, dependence on the success and acceptance of the Company’s services, the ability to attract and retain a suitable client base, and the management of growth. To address these risks, the Company must, among other things, generate increased demand, attract a sufficient clientele base, respond to competitive developments, increase the “GEM” and “ZCity” brand names’ visibility, successfully introduce new services, attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel and upgrade and enhance the Company’s technologies to accommodate expanded service offerings. In view of the rapidly evolving nature of the Company’s business and its limited operating history, the Company believes that period-to-period comparisons of its operating results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.

The Company is therefore subject to many of the risks common to early-stage enterprises, including under-capitalization, cash shortages, limitations with respect to personnel, financial, and other resources and lack of revenues.

We are a holding company and our ability to pay dividends will be limited.

Upon completion of this offering, the Company will be a holding company with no operations of its own. The Company’s primary assets will be its equity interest in GEM and any net proceeds of the offering not contributed to GEM. Thus, the ability of the Company to pay dividends to our stockholders will depend upon the cash and liquid investments held at the holding company level and GEM’s ability to pay dividends to the Company GEM operates an early-stage e-commerce platform and has a limited operating history spanning from June of 2017 and may have negative cashflows for the foreseeable future.

If we fail to raise capital when needed it will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company has limited revenue-producing operations and will require the proceeds from this offering to execute its full business plan. The Company believes the proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to cover its funding needs until [*]. Further, no assurance can be given if additional capital is needed as to how much additional capital will be required or that additional financing can be obtained, or if obtainable, that the terms will be satisfactory to the Company, or that such financing would not result in a substantial dilution of shareholder’s interest. A failure to raise capital when needed would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, debt and other equity financing may involve a pledge of assets and may be senior to interests of equity holders. Any debt financing secured in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for the Company to obtain additional capital or to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. If adequate funds are not obtained, the Company may be required to reduce, curtail, or discontinue operations.

None of our material contracts are long term and if not renewed could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We have entered into material contracts with a number of companies that directly or indirectly provide the goods and services that appear on our ZCity App. The majority of these contracts can be terminated by any party with 30 days’ notice. One of these contracts expires as soon as March 31, 2022 and the contract with iPay88, which provides the payment gateway for many of the brands that can be accessed through the ZCity App has no termination clause which means that iPay88 could terminate this contract without any notice. If one or more of these contracts were not renewed or were terminated and we were not able to enter into agreements with others that could replace these services, the ZCity App could lose material features and in turn we could find it harder to maintain and grow our user base, which would have a material adverse effect on our business. For a description of these material contracts See “Business—About ZCity App.” 

We rely on email, internet search engines and application marketplaces to drive traffic to our ZCITY platform, certain providers of which offer products and services that compete directly with our products. If links to our applications and website are not displayed prominently, traffic to our ZCITY platform could decline and our business would be adversely affected.

Email continues to be a verification source of organic traffic for us. If email providers or internet service providers implement new or more restrictive email or content delivery or accessibility policies, including with respect to net neutrality, it may become more difficult to deliver emails to our users or for user verification process. For example, certain email providers, including Google, categorize our emails as "promotional," and these emails are directed to an alternate, and less readily accessible, section of a users’ inbox. If email providers materially limit or halt the delivery of our emails, or if we fail to deliver emails to users in a manner compatible with email providers’ email handling or authentication technologies, our ability to contact users through email could be significantly restricted. In addition, if we are placed on "spam" lists or lists of entities that have been involved in sending unwanted, unsolicited emails, marketing campaigns and business updates could be substantially harmed.

We rely heavily on Internet search engines, such as Google, to drive traffic to our ZCITY platform through their unpaid search results and on application marketplaces to drive downloads of our applications. Although search results and application marketplaces have allowed us to attract a large audience with low organic traffic acquisition costs to date, if they fail to drive sufficient traffic to our ZCITY platform, we may need to increase our marketing spend to acquire additional traffic. We cannot assure you that the value we ultimately derive from any such additional traffic would exceed the cost of acquisition, and any increase in marketing expense may in turn harm our operating results.

The amount of traffic we attract from search engines is due in large part to how and where information from and links to our website are displayed on search engine result pages. The display, including rankings, of unpaid search results can be affected by a number of factors, many of which are not in our direct control, and may change frequently. Search engines have made changes in the past to their ranking algorithms, methodologies and design layouts that may have reduced the prominence of links to our ZCITY platform and negatively impacted our traffic, and we expect they will continue to make such changes from time to time in the future. Similarly, marketplace operators may make changes to their marketplaces that make access to our products more difficult. For example, our applications may receive unfavorable treatment compared to the promotion and placement of competing applications, such as the order in which they appear within marketplaces.

We may not know how or otherwise be in a position to influence search results or our treatment in application marketplaces. With respect to search results in particular, even when search engines announce the details of their methodologies, their parameters may change from time to time, be poorly defined or be inconsistently interpreted. For example, Google previously announced that the rankings of sites showing certain types of app install interstitials could be penalized on its mobile search results pages. While we believe the type of interstitial we currently use is not being penalized, we cannot guarantee that Google will not unexpectedly penalize our app install interstitials, causing links to our mobile website to be featured less prominently in Google’s mobile search results and harming traffic to our ZCITY platform as a result.

In some instances, search engine companies and application marketplaces may change their displays or rankings in order to promote their own competing products or services or the products or services of one or more of our competitors. For example, Google has integrated its local product offering with certain of its products, including search and maps. The resulting promotion of Google’s own competing products in its web search results has negatively impacted the search ranking of our website. Because Google in particular is the most significant source of traffic to our website, accounting for a substantial portion of the visits to our website, our success depends on our ability to maintain a prominent presence in search results for queries regarding local businesses on Google. As a result, Google’s promotion of its own competing products, or similar actions by Google in the future that have the effect of reducing our prominence or ranking on its search results, could have a substantial negative effect on our business and results of operations.

The ecommerce market is highly competitive and if the Company does not have sufficient resources to maintain research and development, marketing, sales and client support efforts on a competitive basis our business could be adversely affected.

The internet-based ecommerce business is highly competitive and the Company competes with several different types of companies that offer some form of user-vendor connection experience, as well as marketing data companies. Certain of these competitors may have greater industry experience or financial and other resources than the Company.

To become and remain competitive, the Company will require research and development, marketing, sales, and client support. The Company may not have sufficient resources to maintain research and development, marketing, sales and client support efforts on a competitive basis which could materially and adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company. The Company intends to differentiate itself from competitors by developing a payments platform that allows consumers and merchants to accept and use bonus points.

The market for consumer’s lifestyle is rapidly evolving and intensely competitive, and the Company expects competition to intensify further in the future. There is no guarantee that any factors that differentiate the Company from its competitors will give the Company a market advantage or continue to be a differentiating factor for the Company in the foreseeable future. Competitive pressures created by our direct or indirect competitors could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

The market for our ZCITY platform is new and unproven.

We were founded in 2020 and GEM was founded in 2017 and since our inception have been creating products for the developing and rapidly evolving market for API-based software platforms, a market that is largely unproven and is subject to a number of inherent risks and uncertainties. We believe that our future success will depend in large part on the growth, if any, in the market for software platforms that provide features and functionality to create the entire lifestyle ecosystem. It is difficult to predict customer adoption and renewal rates, customer demand for our solutions, the size and growth rate of the overall market that our ZCITY platform addresses, the entry of competitive products or the success of existing competitive products. Any expansion of the market our ZCITY platform addresses depends upon a number of factors, including the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with such solutions. If the market our ZCITY platform addresses does not achieve significant additional growth or there is a reduction in demand for such solutions caused by a lack of customer acceptance, technological challenges, competing technologies and products or decreases in corporate spending, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we are unable to expand our systems or develop or acquire technologies to accommodate increased volume or an increased variety of operating systems, networks and devices broadly used in the marketplace our ZCITY platform could be impaired.

We seek to generate a high volume of traffic and transactions through our technologies. Accordingly, the satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of the Company’s website and platform, processing systems and network infrastructure are critical to our reputation and its ability to attract and retain large numbers of users who transact sales on its platform through a variety of operating systems, networks and devices while maintaining adequate customer service levels. The Company’s revenues depend, in substantial way, on the volume of user transactions that are successfully completed. Any system interruptions that result in the unavailability of our service or reduced customer activity would ultimately reduce the volume of transactions completed. Interruptions of service may also diminish the attractiveness of our company and its services. Any substantial increase in the volume of traffic on our ZCITY platform, the number of transactions being conducted by customers or substantial increase in the variety of operating systems, networks or devices that are broadly used in the marketplace will require us to expand and upgrade our technology, transaction processing systems and network infrastructure. There can be no assurance that we will be able to accurately project the rate or timing of increases, if any, in the use of the ZCITY platform or timely expand and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate such increases or increases in the variety of operating systems, networks or devices in a timely manner. Any failure to expand or upgrade its systems could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Company uses internally developed systems to operate its service and for transaction processing. The Company must continually enhance and improve these systems in order to accommodate the level of use of its products and services and increase its security. Furthermore, in the future, the Company may add new features and functionality to its services that would result in the need to develop or license additional technologies. The Company’s inability to add new software and hardware to develop and further upgrade its existing technology, transaction processing systems or network infrastructure to accommodate increased traffic on its platforms or increased transaction volume through its processing systems or to accommodate new operating systems, networks or devices broadly used in the marketplace or to provide new features or functionality may cause unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, degradation in levels of customer service, impaired quality of the user’s experience on the Company’s service, and delays in reporting accurate financial information. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able in a timely manner to effectively upgrade and expand its systems or to integrate smoothly any newly developed or purchased technologies with its existing systems. Any inability to do so would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

As we increase our reliance on cloud-based applications and platforms to operate and deliver our products and services, any disruption or interference with these platforms could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on cloud-based applications and platforms for critical business functions. We also are migrating a significant portion of our computing infrastructure to third party hosted cloud-based computing platforms. If we are not able to complete this migration on our expected timeline, we could incur additional costs. Further, these migrations can be risky and may cause disruptions to the availability of our products due to service outages, downtime or other unforeseen issues that could increase our costs. We also may be subject to additional risk of cybersecurity breaches or other improper access to our data or confidential information during or following migrations to cloud-based computing platforms. In addition, cloud computing services may operate differently than anticipated when introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. As we increase our reliance on cloud-based computing services, our exposure to damage from service interruptions may increase. In the event any such issues arise; it may be difficult for us to switch our operations from our primary cloud-based providers to alternative providers. Further, any such transition could involve significant time and expense and could negatively impact our ability to deliver our products and services, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations.

The Company’s failure to successfully market its ZCITY platform could result in adverse financial consequences.

The Company believes that continuing to strengthen its ZCITY platform is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of the Company, particularly in light of the competitive nature of the Company’s market. Promoting and positioning its ZCITY platform will depend largely on the success of the Company’s marketing efforts and the ability of the Company to provide high quality services. In order to promote its ZCITY platform, the Company will need to increase its marketing budget and otherwise increase its financial commitment to creating and maintaining brand loyalty among users. There can be no assurance that ZCITY platform promotion activities will yield increased revenues or that any such revenues would offset the expenses incurred by the Company in building its ZCITY platform. Further, there can be no assurance that any new users attracted to the Company will conduct transactions over the ZCITY platform on a regular basis. If the Company fails to promote and maintain its brand or incurs substantial expenses in an attempt to promote and maintain its brand or if the Company’s existing or future strategic relationships fail to promote the ZCITY platform or increase awareness, the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.

The Company may not be able to successfully develop and promote new products or services which could result in adverse financial consequences.

The Company plans to expand its operations by developing and promoting new or complementary services, products or transaction formats or expanding the breadth and depth of services. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to expand its operations in a cost-effective or timely manner or that any such efforts will maintain or increase overall market acceptance. Furthermore, any new business or service launched by the Company that is not favorably received by consumers could damage the Company’s reputation and diminish the value of its brand. Expansion of the Company’s operations in this manner would also require significant additional expenses and development, operations and other resources and would strain the Company’s management, financial and operational resources. The lack of market acceptance of such services or the Company’s inability to generate satisfactory revenues from such expanded services to offset their cost could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, if we are unable to keep up with changes in technology and new hardware, software and services offerings, for example, by providing the appropriate training to out account managers, sales technology specialists, engineers and consultants to enable them to effectively sell and deliver such new offerings to customers, our business, results of operations, or financial condition could be adversely affected.

A decline in the demand for goods and services of the merchants included in the ZCITY platform could result in adverse financial consequences.

The Company expects to derive most of its revenues from fees from successfully completed transactions on its consumer facing platforms. The Company’s future revenues will depend upon continued demand for the types of goods and services that are offered by the merchants that are included on such platforms. Any decline in demand for the goods offered through the Company’s services as a result of changes in consumer trends could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

The effective operation of the Company’s platform is dependent on technical infrastructure and certain third-party service providers.

Our ability to attract, retain, and serve customers is dependent upon the reliable performance of our ZCITY platform and the underlying technical infrastructure. We may fail to effectively scale and grow our technical infrastructure to accommodate these increased demands. In addition, our business will be reliant upon third party partners such as financial service providers and cash-out providers, payment terminals and equipment providers. Any disruption or failure in the services from third party partners used to facilitate our business could harm our business. Any financial or other difficulties these partners face may adversely affect our business, and we exercise little control over these partners, which increases vulnerability to problems with the services they provide.

There is no assurance that the Company will be profitable.

There is no assurance that we will earn profits in the future, or that profitability will be sustained. There is no assurance that future revenues will be sufficient to generate the funds required to continue our business development and marketing activities. If we do not have sufficient capital to fund our operations, we may be required to reduce our sales and marketing efforts or forego certain business opportunities.

We could lose the right to the use of our domain names.

We have registered domain names for our website that we use in our business. If we lose the ability to use a domain name, whether due to trademark claims, failure to renew the applicable registration, or any other cause, we may be forced to market our products under a new domain name, which could cause us substantial harm, or to incur significant expense in order to purchase rights to the domain name in question. In addition, our competitors and others could attempt to capitalize on our brand recognition by using domain names similar to ours, especially in light of our expected expansion in SEA countries and East Asia. Domain names similar to ours may be registered in the United States and elsewhere. We may be unable to prevent third parties from acquiring and using domain names that infringe on, are similar to, or otherwise decrease the value of our brand or our trademarks or service marks. Protecting and enforcing our rights in our domain names may require litigation, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention.

We may be required to expend resources to protect ZCITY platform information or we may be unable to launch our services.

From time to time, other companies may copy information from our ZCITY platform, through website scraping, robots or other means, and publish or aggregate it with other information for their own benefit. We have no assurance other companies will not copy, publish or aggregate content from our ZCITY platform in the future. When third parties copy, publish, or aggregate content from our ZCITY platform, it makes them more competitive, and decreases the likelihood that consumers will visit our website or use our mobile app to find the information they seek, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We may not be able to detect such third-party conduct in a timely manner and, even if we could, we may not be able to prevent it. In some cases, particularly in the case of websites operating outside of the United States, our available remedies may be inadequate to protect us against such practices. In addition, we may be required to expend significant financial or other resources to successfully enforce our rights.

Breaches of our online commerce security could occur and could have an adverse effect on our reputation.

A significant barrier to online commerce and communications is the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks. There can be no assurance that advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography and cybersecurity, or other events or developments will not result in a compromise or breach of the technology used by the Company to protect customer transaction data. If any such compromise of the Company’s security were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation and, therefore, on its business, results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, a party who is able to circumvent the Company’s security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in the Company’s operations. The Company may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against such security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. Concerns over the security of transactions conducted on the Internet and other online services and the privacy of users may also inhibit the growth of the Internet and other online services generally, and the Web in particular, especially as a means of conducting commercial transactions. To the extent that activities of the Company involve the storage and transmission of proprietary information, security breaches could damage the Company’s reputation and expose the Company to a risk of loss or litigation and possible liability. There can be no assurance that the Company’s security measures will prevent security breaches or that failure to prevent such security breaches will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Company may not have the ability to manage its growth.

The Company anticipates that significant expansion will be required to address potential growth in its customer base and market opportunities. The Company’s anticipated expansion is expected to place a significant strain on the Company’s management, operational and financial resources. To manage any material growth of its operations and personnel, the Company may be required to improve existing operational and financial systems, procedures and controls and to expand, train and manage its employee base. There can be no assurance that the Company’s planned personnel, systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support the Company’s future operations, that management will be able to hire, train, retain, motivate and manage required personnel or that the Company’s management will be able to successfully identify, manage and exploit existing and potential market opportunities. If the Company is unable to manage growth effectively, its business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

We rely on the performance of highly skilled personnel, and if we are unable to attract, retain and motivate well-qualified employees, our business could be harmed.

The Company is, and will be, heavily dependent on the skill, acumen and services of the management and other employees of the Company. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract them. In addition, the loss of any of our senior management or key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements. All of our officers and employees are at-will employees, which means they may terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. We cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of any members of our senior management or other key employees. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business could be harmed.

Illegal use of our ZCITY platform could result in adverse consequences to the Company.

Despite measures the Company will implement to detect and prevent identify theft or other fraud, our ZCITY platform remains susceptible to potentially illegal or improper uses. Despite measures the Company will take to detect and lessen the risk of this kind of conduct, the Company cannot assure that these measures will succeed. The Company’s business could suffer if customers use the ZCITY platform for illegal or improper purposes.

If merchants on our ZCITY platform are operating illegally, the Company could be subject to civil and criminal lawsuits, administrative action, and prosecution for, among other things, money laundering or for aiding and abetting violations of law. The Company would lose the revenues associated with these accounts and could be subject to material penalties and fines, both of which would seriously harm its business.

We are subject to certain risks by virtue of our international operations.

We operate and expand internationally. We expect to expand our international operations significantly by accessing new markets abroad and expanding our offerings in new languages: not less than all languages in SEA countries and Japan. Our platform is now available in English and several other languages. However, we may have difficulty modifying our technology and content for use in non-English-speaking markets or fostering new communities in non-English-speaking markets. Our ability to manage our business and conduct our operations internationally requires considerable management attention and resources, and is subject to the particular challenges of supporting a rapidly growing business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems, regulatory systems, and commercial infrastructures. Furthermore, in most international markets, we would not be the first entrant, and our competitors may be better positioned than we are to succeed. Expanding internationally may subject us to risks that we have either not faced before or increase our exposure to risks that we currently face, including risks associated with: 

We do not have liability business interruption, litigation or natural disaster insurance.

We do not have any business liability, disruption insurance or any other forms of insurance coverage for our operations in Malaysia because our business is still in planning and early stage. Any potential liability, business interruption, litigation or natural disaster may result in our business incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources.

The economy of Malaysia in general might not grow as quickly as expected, which could adversely affect our revenues and business prospects.

Our business and prospects depend on the continuing development of the economy in Malaysia. We cannot assure you that the Malaysian economy will continue to grow at the same pace as in the past. Economic growth is determined by countless factors, and it is extremely difficult to predict with any level of absolute certainty. In the event that the Malaysian economy suffers, demand for the services and/or products of our wholly owned subsidiaries may diminish, which would in turn result in decreased likelihood of profitability. This could in turn result in a substantial need for restructuring of our business objectives and could result in a partial or entire loss of an investment in our Company.

We face the risk that changes in the policies of the Malaysian government could have a significant impact upon the business we may be able to conduct in Malaysia and the profitability of such business.

Policies of the Malaysian government can have significant effects on the economic conditions of Malaysia. A change in policies by the Malaysian government could adversely affect our interests by, among other factors: changes in laws, regulations or the interpretation thereof, confiscatory taxation, restrictions on currency conversion, imports or sources of supplies, or the expropriation or nationalization of private enterprises. We cannot assure you that the government will continue to pursue current policies or that such policies may not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption, or other circumstances affecting Malaysia's political, economic and social environment.

We are subject to foreign exchange control policies in Malaysia.

The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments to us may be restricted by the foreign exchange control policies in the countries where we operate. For example, there are foreign exchange policies in Malaysia which support the monitoring of capital flows into and out of the country in order to preserve its financial and economic stability. The foreign exchange policies are administered by the Foreign Exchange Administration, an arm of Bank Negara Malaysia (“BNM”), the central bank of Malaysia. The foreign exchange policies monitor and regulate both residents and non-residents. Under the current Foreign Exchange Administration rules issued by BNM, non-residents are free to repatriate any amount of funds from Malaysia in foreign currency other than the currency of Israel at any time (subject to limited exceptions), including capital, divestment proceeds, profits, dividends, rental, fees and interest arising from investment in Malaysia, subject to any withholding tax. In the event BNM or any other country where we operate introduces any restrictions in the future, we may be affected in our ability to repatriate dividends or other payments from our subsidiaries in Malaysia or in such other countries. Since we are a holding company and rely principally on dividends and other payments from our subsidiaries for our cash requirements, any restrictions on such dividends or other payments could materially and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

Malaysia is experiencing substantial inflationary pressures which may prompt the governments to take action to control the growth of the economy and inflation that could lead to a significant decrease in our profitability.

While the Malaysian economy has experienced rapid growth over the last two decades, they have also experienced inflationary pressures. As governments take steps to address inflationary pressures, there may be significant changes in the availability of bank credits, interest rates, limitations on loans, restrictions on currency conversions and foreign investment. There also may be imposition of price controls. If our revenues rise at a rate that is insufficient to compensate for the rise in our costs, it may have an adverse effect on our profitability. If these or other similar restrictions are imposed by a government to influence the economy, it may lead to a slowing of economic growth.

Our business will be exposed to foreign exchange risk.

We derive most of our revenue from the operations of our ZCITY platform in Malaysia and expect to derive our revenue from Malaysia, other SEA countries and Japan in the future. Our functional currencies will by necessity be the currencies of the countries of SEA and Japan. Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. We translate our results of operations using the average exchange rate for the period, unless the average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions, and we translate our financial position at the period-end exchange rate. Accordingly, any significant fluctuation between the currencies of countries of SEA and Japan on the one hand and the U.S. dollar on the other could expose us to foreign exchange risk.

Some of the currencies of the countries of SEA are not freely convertible. The foreign exchange management regime of many SEA countries has transitioned from a system of fixed multiple exchange rates controlled by the state banks to a system of flexible exchange rates regulated largely by market forces, though transfers of currency is regulated and controlled in some countries. A significant depreciation in many of the currencies of countries of SEA against major foreign currencies may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition because our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. There can be no assurance, that the governments will continue to relax their foreign exchange regulations, that they will maintain the same foreign exchange policy or that there will be sufficient foreign currency available in the market for currency conversions. If, in the future, the regulations restrict our ability to convert local currencies or there is insufficient foreign currency available in the market, we may be unable to meet any foreign currency payment obligations.

Fluctuations in exchange rates in the Malaysian Ringgit (“RM”) could adversely affect our business and the value of our securities.

The value of the RM against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in Malaysia's political and economic conditions. The value of our common stock will be indirectly affected by the foreign exchange rate between U.S. dollars and RM and between those currencies and other currencies in which our revenue may be denominated. Appreciation or depreciation in the value of the RM relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying change in our business or results of operations. As we rely entirely on revenues earned in Malaysia, any significant revaluation of RM may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues and financial condition. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from an offering of our securities into RM for our operations, appreciation of the RM against the U.S. dollar could cause the RM equivalent of U.S. dollars to be reduced and therefore could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Conversely, if we decide to convert our RM into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making dividend payments on our common stock or for other business purposes and the U.S. dollar appreciates against the RM, the U.S. dollar equivalent of the RM we convert would be reduced. In addition, the depreciation of significant U.S. dollar denominated assets could result in a change to our operations and a reduction in the value of these assets.

Geopolitical conditions, including acts of war or terrorism or unrest in the regions in which we operate could adversely affect our business.

Most of our operations and business activities are conducted in Malaysia, whose economy and legal system remain susceptible to risks associated with an emerging economy and which is subject to higher geopolitical risks than developed countries. Social and political unrest could give rise to various risks, such as loss of employment and safety and security risks to persons and property. Additionally, our operations could be disrupted by acts of war, terrorist activity or other similar events, including the current or anticipated impact of military conflict and related sanctions imposed on Russia, Belarus and certain individuals and entities connected to Russian or Belarusian political, business, and financial organizations by the United States and other countries due to Russia’s recent invasion of Ukraine. It is not possible to predict the broader consequences of the conflict, including related geopolitical tensions, and the measures and retaliatory actions taken by the U.S. and other countries in respect thereof as well as any counter measures or retaliatory actions by Russia or Belarus in response, including, for example, potential cyberattacks or the disruption of energy exports, is likely to cause regional instability, geopolitical shifts, and could materially adversely affect global trade, currency exchange rates, regional economies and the global economy. Any such event may in turn have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

Because our principal assets are located outside of the United States and all of our directors and all our officers reside outside of the United States, it may be difficult for you to enforce your rights based on U.S. Federal Securities Laws against us and our officers and directors or to enforce a judgment of a United States court against us or our officers and directors.

All of our directors and officers reside outside of the United States. In addition, substantially all of our assets are located outside of the United States. It may therefore be difficult for investors in the United States to enforce their legal rights based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us in the courts of either the U.S. or Malaysia and, even if civil judgments are obtained in U.S. courts, to enforce such judgments in Malaysian courts.

Our business has been, and may continue to be materially adversely affected by the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.

The current outbreak of COVID-19 has globally resulted in loss of life, business closures, restrictions on travel, and widespread cancellation of social gatherings. According to the IMF, Malaysia’s GDP growth averaged more than 4.8% from 2016 to 2019, but contracted by 6.0% in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To help counter the transmission of COVID-19, the government of Malaysia initiated movement control orders (“MCO”), the first effective March 18, 2020. The MCO had resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of stores and facilities in Malaysia. Since then, there have been a series of variations of the first MCO which are periodically imposed (in different parts of the country) depending on the increase or decrease in the rate of infection in a particular state or region. Following the expiration of the first MCO, there have been a series of orders including the Conditional Movement Control Order, Recovery Movement Order, Enhanced MCO and the Targeted Enhanced MCO. These orders were made under the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Act 1988 (PCID Act) setting out permitted and prohibited activities and conditions to be complied with to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

On June 15, 2021, the Malaysian Prime Minister unveiled the National Recovery Plan (“NRP”) which comprises four phases with the first phase imposing the most stringent Standard Operating Procedures (“SOPs”). At the time of writing various states in Malaysia have since transitioned onto different phases depending on how successfully they have managed to contain the outbreak. For example, Labuan has already transitioned to the fourth phase with all economic sectors there being allowed to operate with 100% workforce subject to the prescribed SOPs whereas some states such as Selangor remains in the first phase.

On August 8, 2021, it was announced that the prohibitions and restrictions under the SOPs of the NRP for individuals who have been fully vaccinated against COVID-19 would be relaxed. This includes the ability to dine-in at restaurants and food premises and the removal of the "ten-kilometer rule" for travel.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, including: 

In addition, the current outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in a widespread global health crisis and adversely affected global economies and financial markets, and similar public health threats could do so in the future. Such events have impacted, and could in the future impact, demand for merchants and consumer purchase patterns, which in turn, could adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

Furthermore, if a virus or other disease is transmitted by human contact, as is the case with COVID-19, our employees and any constituent of our network may become infected, or may choose, or be advised, to avoid any contact with others, any of which may adversely affect our ability to provide our ZCITY platform and for our merchants and consumers to use our ZCITY platform. In addition, shelter-in-place orders and similar regulations impact merchants’ ability to operate their businesses, consumers’ ability to pick up orders, and our merchants’ ability to make deliveries during certain times, or at all. Even if merchants are able to continue to operate their businesses, many may operate with limited hours, selection and capacity and other limitations. Any limitations on or disruptions or closures of merchants’ businesses could adversely affect our business.

Even if a virus or other disease does not spread significantly and such measures are not implemented, the perceived risk of infection or significant health risk may adversely affect our business. Merchants may be perceived as unsafe during such public health threats, even for order delivery or pickup. If the services offered through our ZCITY platform or at other businesses in our industry become a significant risk for transmitting COVID-19 or similar public health threats, or if there is a public perception that such risk exists, demand for the use of our ZCITY platform would be adversely affected. Any negative impact on consumers’ willingness or ability to order delivery or complete a pickup order, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Substantially all of our revenues are concentrated in Malaysia pending expansion into other markets in SEA and East Asia regions. Consequently, our results of operations will likely be adversely, and may be materially, affected, to the extent that the COVID-19 pandemic or any epidemic harms Malaysia’s economy and society and the global economy in general. Any potential impact to our results will depend on, to a large extent, future developments and new information that may emerge regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken by government authorities and other entities to contain the COVID-19 pandemic or treat its impact, almost all of which are beyond our control. If the disruptions posed by the COVID-19 pandemic or other matters of global concern continue for an extensive period of time, the operations of our business may be materially adversely affected.

To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic or a similar public health threat has an impact on our business, it is likely to also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

Regulatory Risks

Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business.

Our business is subject to regulation by various governmental agencies in Malaysia, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing compliance with various legal obligations, such as privacy and data protection-related laws and regulations, intellectual property laws, employment and labor laws, workplace safety, governmental trade laws, import and export controls, anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, and tax laws and regulations. These laws and regulations impose added costs on our business. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to:

If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of our management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could materially harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Any reviews by regulatory agencies or legislatures may result in substantial regulatory fines, changes to our business practices, and other penalties, which could negatively affect our business and results of operations. Changes in social, political, and regulatory conditions or in laws and policies governing a wide range of topics may cause us to change our business practices. Further, our expansion into a variety of new fields also could raise a number of new regulatory issues. These factors could negatively affect our business and results of operations in material ways.

Moreover, we are exposed to the risk of misconduct, errors and failure to functions by our management, employees and parties that we collaborate with, who may from time to time be subject to litigation and regulatory investigations and proceedings or otherwise face potential liability and penalties in relation to noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations, which could harm our reputation and business. 

Regulation of the internet generally could have adverse consequences on our business.

We are also subject to regulations and laws in Malaysia specifically governing the internet and e-commerce. Existing and future laws and regulations may impede the growth of the Internet, e-commerce or other online services, and increase the cost of providing online services. These regulations and laws may cover sweepstakes, taxation, tariffs, user privacy, data protection, pricing, content, copyrights, distribution, electronic contracts and other communications, consumer protection, broadband residential Internet access and the characteristics and quality of services. It is not clear how existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, sales, use and other taxes, libel and personal privacy apply to the internet and e-commerce. Unfavorable resolution of these issues may harm our business and results of operations.

Privacy regulations could have adverse consequences on our business.

We receive, collect, store, process, transfer, and use personal information and other user data. There are numerous international laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, information security, and the collection, storing, sharing, use, processing, transfer, disclosure, and protection of personal information and other content, the scope of which are changing, subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent among countries, or conflict with other laws and regulations. We are also subject to the terms of our privacy policies and obligations to third parties related to privacy, data protection, and information security. We strive to comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, and other legal obligations relating to privacy, data protection, and information security to the extent possible. However, the regulatory framework for privacy and data protection worldwide is, and is likely to remain for the foreseeable future, uncertain and complex, and it is possible that these or other actual or alleged obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that we do not anticipate or that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. Further, any significant change to applicable laws, regulations, or industry practices regarding the collection, use, retention, security, or disclosure of our users’ data, or their interpretation, or any changes regarding the manner in which the express or implied consent of users for the collection, use, retention, or disclosure of such data must be obtained, could increase our costs and require us to modify our services and features, possibly in a material manner, which we may be unable to complete, and may limit our ability to store and process user data or develop new services and features.

We also expect that there will continue to be new laws, regulations, and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection, and information security proposed and enacted in various jurisdictions.

Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our posted privacy policies, our privacy-related obligations to users or other third parties, or any other legal obligations or regulatory requirements relating to privacy, data protection, or information security may result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, litigation, claims, or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others and could result in significant liability, cause our users to lose trust in us, and otherwise have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, the laws, regulations, and policies that are applicable to the businesses of our users may limit the adoption and use of, and reduce the overall demand for, our ZCITY platform.

Additionally, if third parties we work with violate applicable laws, regulations, or agreements, such violations may put our users’ data at risk, could result in governmental investigations or enforcement actions, fines, litigation, claims, or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others and could result in significant liability, cause our users to lose trust in us, and otherwise have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. Further, public scrutiny of or complaints about technology companies or their data handling or data protection practices, even if unrelated to our business, industry, or operations, may lead to increased scrutiny of technology companies, including us, and may cause government agencies to enact additional regulatory requirements, or to modify their enforcement or investigation activities, which may increase our costs and risks.

Regulation of gift cards or “E-vouchers” could have adverse consequences on our business.

Our platform’s payment system inevitably provides our customers with reward points that may or may not be deemed gift certificates, store gift cards, general-use prepaid cards, or other vouchers, or “gift cards”, subject to, various laws of multiple jurisdictions. Many of these laws include specific disclosure requirements and prohibitions or limitations on the use of expiration dates and the imposition of certain fees. Various companies that provided deal products similar to ours around the world are currently or were defendants in purported class action lawsuits.

The application of various other laws and regulations to our products is uncertain. These include laws and regulations pertaining to unclaimed and abandoned property, partial redemption, revenue-sharing restrictions on certain trade groups and professions, sales and other local taxes and the sale of alcoholic beverages. In addition, we may become, or be determined to be, subject to United States federal or state laws or laws in Malaysia or other countries where we operate regulating money transmitters or aimed at preventing money laundering or terrorist financing, including the Bank Secrecy Act, the USA Patriot Act and other similar future laws or regulations in the United States and in the applicable SEA or East Asia countries.

If we become subject to claims or are required to alter our business practices as a result of current or future laws and regulations, our revenue could decrease, our costs could increase and our business could otherwise be harmed. In addition, the costs and expenses associated with defending any actions related to such additional laws and regulations and any payments of related penalties, fines, judgments or settlements could harm our business.

The requirements of being a public company are complex and will increase costs.

As a public company, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Compliance with these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly and current reports with respect to our business and operating results. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and, if required, improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business and operating results. We may need to hire more employees in the future to comply with these requirements, which will increase our costs and expenses.

In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed.

We also expect that being a public company and these new rules and regulations will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors (“Board”), particularly to serve on our audit committee and Remuneration Committee, and qualified executive officers.

As a result of disclosure of information in this prospectus and in filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which we believe may result in increased threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business and operating results could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and harm our business and operating results.

Failure to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Malaysia anti-corruption laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.

We are required to comply the Malaysia’s anti-corruption laws and the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which generally prohibits U.S. companies from engaging in bribery or other prohibited payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. In addition, we are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent our transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Foreign companies, including some of our competitors, are not subject to these prohibitions. Corruption, extortion, bribery, pay-offs, theft and other fraudulent practices occur from time-to-time in Malaysia. If our competitors engage in these practices, they may receive preferential treatment from personnel of some companies, giving our competitors an advantage in securing business or from government officials who might give them priority in obtaining new licenses, which would put us at a disadvantage. Although we inform our personnel that such practices are illegal, we cannot assure you that our employees or other agents will not engage in such conduct for which we might be held responsible. If our employees or other agents are found to have engaged in such practices, we could suffer severe penalties and other consequences that may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our brand and reputation, our sales activities or the price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected if we become the target of any negative publicity as a result of actions taken by our employees or other agents.

Litigation is costly and time consuming and could have a material adverse effect our business, results or operations and reputation.

The Company and/or its directors and officers may be subject to a variety of civil or other legal proceedings, with or without merit. From time to time in the ordinary course of its business, we may become involved in various legal proceedings, including commercial, employment and other litigation and claims, as well as governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Furthermore, because litigation is inherently unpredictable, the results of any such actions may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition.

Even if the claims are without merit, the costs associated with defending these types of claims may be substantial, both in terms of time, money, and management distraction. In particular, patent and other intellectual property litigation may be protracted and expensive, and the results are difficult to predict and may require us to stop offering certain features, purchase licenses or modify our products and features while we develop non-infringing substitutes or may result in significant settlement costs.

The results of litigation and claims to which we may be subject cannot be predicted with certainty. Even if these matters do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, these matters, and the time and resources necessary to litigate or resolve them, could harm our business, results or operations and reputation.

Our financial statements have been prepared on a going-concern basis and our continued operations are in doubt.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under which an entity is considered to be able to realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the ordinary course of business. Our future operations are dependent upon the identification and successful completion of equity or debt financing and the achievement of profitable operations at an indeterminate time in the future. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in completing an equity or debt financing or in achieving profitability.

We face potential liability and expense for legal claims based on the content on our ZCITY platform.

We face potential liability and expense for legal claims relating to the information that we publish on our website and our ZCITY platform, including claims for copyright or trademark infringement, among others. These claims could divert management time and attention away from our business and result in significant costs to investigate and defend, regardless of the merits of the claims. In some instances, we may elect or be compelled to remove content or may be forced to pay substantial damages if we are unsuccessful in our efforts to defend against these claims. If we elect or are compelled to remove valuable content from our website or mobile app, our ZCITY platform may become less useful to consumers and our traffic may decline, which could have a negative impact on our business and financial performance.

Our intellectual property rights may be inadequate to protect us against others claiming violations of their proprietary rights and the cost of enforcement could be significant.

The future success of our business is dependent upon the intellectual property rights surrounding our technology, including trade secrets, know-how and continuing technological innovation. Although we will seek to protect our proprietary rights, our actions may be inadequate to protect any proprietary rights or to prevent others from claiming violations of their proprietary rights. There can be no assurance that other companies are not investigating or developing other technologies that are similar to our technology. In addition, effective intellectual property protection may be unenforceable or limited in certain countries, and the global nature of the Internet makes it impossible to control the ultimate designation of our technology. Any of these claims, with or without merit, could subject us to costly litigation. If the protection of proprietary rights is inadequate to prevent unauthorized use or appropriation by third parties, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished. Any of these events could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results.

Effective trade secret, copyright, trademark and domain name protection is expensive to develop and maintain, both in terms of initial and ongoing registration requirements and expenses and the costs of defending our rights. We are seeking to protect our trademarks and domain names in an increasing number of jurisdictions, a process that is expensive and may not be successful or which we may not pursue in every location. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our respective trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any litigation of this nature, regardless of outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. We may incur significant costs in enforcing our trademarks against those who attempt to imitate our brand. If we fail to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property rights, our business and operating results may be harmed.

If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade secrets, our business and competitive position could be harmed.

In addition to patent protection, we also rely upon copyright and trade secret protection, as well as non-disclosure agreements and invention assignment agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties, to protect our confidential and proprietary information. In addition to contractual measures, we try to protect the confidential nature of our proprietary information using commonly accepted physical and technological security measures. Such measures may not, for example, in the case of misappropriation of a trade secret by an employee or third party with authorized access, provide adequate protection for our proprietary information. Our security measures may not prevent an employee or consultant from misappropriating our trade secrets and providing them to a competitor, and recourse we take against such misconduct may not provide an adequate remedy to protect our interests fully. Unauthorized parties may also attempt to copy or reverse engineer certain aspects of our product that we consider proprietary. Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or misappropriated a trade secret can be difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. Even though we use commonly accepted security measures, trade secret violations are often a matter of state law, and the criteria for protection of trade secrets can vary among different jurisdictions. In addition, trade secrets may be independently developed by others in a manner that could prevent legal recourse by us. If any of our confidential or proprietary information, such as our trade secrets, were to be disclosed or misappropriated, or if any such information was independently developed by a competitor, our business and competitive position could be harmed.

Third parties may assert that our employees or consultants have wrongfully used or disclosed confidential information or misappropriated trade secrets.

We employ individuals who previously worked with other companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try to ensure that our employees and consultants do not use the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for us, we may be subject to claims that we or our employees, consultants or independent contractors have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade secrets or other proprietary information, of a former employer or other third party. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. If we fail in defending any such claims or settling those claims, in addition to paying monetary damages or a settlement payment, we may lose valuable intellectual property rights or personnel. Even if we are successful in defending against such claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and other employees.

Risks Related to this Offering

Our management will have broad discretion over the use of any net proceeds from this offering and you may not agree with how we use the proceeds, and the proceeds may not be invested successfully.

Our management will have broad discretion as to the use of any net proceeds from this offering and could use them for purposes other than those contemplated at the time of this offering and in ways that do not necessarily improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management with regard to the use of any proceeds from this offering and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. It is possible that the proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for you.

If you purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution in the book value of your common shares of common stock.

The initial public offering price is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock after giving effect to the conversion of the Convertible Notes and the amounts due under the Tophill Loan Agreement. Investors purchasing shares of common stock, in this offering will pay a price per share that substantially exceeds the net tangible book value of our common stock. As a result, investors purchasing shares of common stock in this offering will incur immediate dilution of $[*] per share, based on the initial public offering price of $[*] per share and our adjusted pro forma net tangible book value as of December 31, 2021. The exercise of outstanding warrants would result in additional dilution. As a result of this dilution, investors purchasing shares of common stock may receive significantly less than the purchase price paid in this offering in the event of liquidation. See “Dilution” for additional information.

Investors in this offering may experience future dilution as a result of this and future equity offerings.

In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock. Investors purchasing our shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing common stockholders, and the price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering.

Sales of a significant number of shares of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales could occur, could depress the market price of our common stock.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public markets could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We cannot predict the effect that future sales of our common stock would have on the market price of our common stock.

Existing shareholders may sell significant quantities of common stock.

The existing shareholders will own [*]% of our common stock following the successful completion of this offering. Notwithstanding that certain officers and directors who are shareholders will be locked up for a period of 180 days following the completion of this offering, they may have acquired their shares at a lower price than that of this offering. Accordingly, they may be incentivized to sell all or part of their holdings as soon as any applicable transfer restrictions have ended and such sales could have a negative impact on the market price of our common stock.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. Several analysts may cover our stock. If one or more of those analysts downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Securities

There is no active public trading market for our common stock and we cannot assure you that an active trading market will develop in the near future.

Our common stock is not quoted in the over-the-counter markets and is not listed on any stock exchange and there is currently no active trading in our securities. We will apply to have our common stock listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “[*]” which listing is a condition to this offering. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common stock will develop in the future due to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company that is relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned and viable. We cannot give you any assurance that an active public trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained. You may not be able to liquidate your shares quickly or at the market price if trading in our common stock is not active.

The public price of our common stock may be volatile, and could, following a sale decline significantly and rapidly.

The initial public offering price for the shares will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the open market following this offering. The market price of our common stock may decline below the initial offering price, and you may not be able to sell your shares of our common stock at or above the price you paid in the offering, or at all. Following this offering, the public price of our common stock in the secondary market will be determined by private buy and sell transaction orders collected from broker-dealers.

A possible “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand of our common stock that largely exceeds supply may lead to price volatility in our common stock.

Following this offering, investors may purchase our common stock to hedge existing exposure in our common stock or to speculate on the price of our common stock. Speculation on the price of our common stock may involve long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of shares of our common stock available for purchase in the open market, investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to repurchase our common stock for delivery to lenders of our common stock. Those repurchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of our common stock until investors with short exposure are able to purchase additional shares of common stock to cover their short position. This is often referred to as a “short squeeze.” A short squeeze could lead to volatile price movements in our common stock that are not directly correlated to the performance or prospects of our company and once investors purchase the shares of common stock necessary to cover their short position, the price of our common stock may decline.

We may not be able to satisfy listing requirements of Nasdaq to maintain a listing of our common stock.

If our common stock is listed on Nasdaq, we must meet certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain such listing. If we violate the maintenance requirements for continued listing of our common stock, our common stock may be delisted. In addition, our board may determine that the cost of maintaining our listing on a national securities exchange outweighs the benefits of such listing. A delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq may materially impair our stockholders’ ability to buy and sell our common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our common stock. In addition, the delisting of our common stock could significantly impair our ability to raise capital.

There has been no public market for our common stock prior to this offering, and an active market in which investors can resell their shares may not develop.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. All investments in securities involve the risk of loss of capital. No guarantee or representation is made that an investor will receive a return of its capital. The value of our common stock can be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including development problems, regulatory issues, technical issues, commercial challenges, competition, legislation, government intervention, industry developments and trends, and general business and economic conditions. We cannot predict the extent to which an active market for our common stock will develop or be sustained after this offering, or how the development of such a market might affect the market price of our common stock.

Our directors, executive officers and stockholders that own greater than 5% of our outstanding voting stock own approximately [*]% of our combined voting stock and will be able to exert a controlling influence over our business affairs and matters submitted to stockholders for approval.

Our directors, executive officers and stockholders that own greater than 5% of our outstanding voting stock, in the aggregate, beneficially own approximately [*]% of the issued and outstanding shares of our voting, based on the number of shares outstanding as of April 18, 2022 and after this initial public offering will own approximately [*]% of our voting stock. As a result, these stockholders will be able to influence or control matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers, acquisitions or other extraordinary transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a manner that is adverse to your interests. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of deterring, delaying, or preventing a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common stock as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

We may be subject to securities litigation, which is expensive and could divert our management’s attention.

The market price of our securities may be volatile, and in the past companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns.

If there is no viable public market for our common stock, you may be unable to sell your shares at or above the initial public offering price.

Prior to this offering there has been no public market for shares of our common stock. Although we expect our common stock will be approved for listing on Nasdaq, an active trading market for our shares may never develop or be sustained following this offering. You may be unable to sell your shares quickly or at the market price if trading in shares of our common stock is not active. The initial public offering price for our common stock will be determined through negotiations with the underwriters, and the negotiated price may not be indicative of the market price of the common stock after the offering. As a result of these and other factors, you may be unable to resell your shares of our common stock at or above the initial public offering price. Further, an inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares of our common stock and may impair our ability to enter into strategic partnerships or acquire companies or products by using our shares of common stock as consideration.

Our failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could have an adverse impact on us.

We are required to establish and maintain appropriate internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to establish those controls, or any failure of those controls once established, could adversely impact our public disclosures regarding our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, management’s assessment of internal controls over financial reporting may identify weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal controls over financial reporting or other matters that may raise concerns for investors. Any actual or perceived weaknesses and conditions that need to be addressed in our internal control over financial reporting, disclosure of management’s assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure of our public accounting firm’s attestation to or report on management’s assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting may have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock.

Prior to this offering, we have been a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures. Our independent registered public accounting firm did not conduct an audit of our internal control over financial reporting. However, in preparing our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we and our independent registered public accounting firms have identified 6 material weaknesses and other control deficiencies including significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in the standards established by the PCAOB. A “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The material weaknesses identified included: (1) we did not have sufficient full-time personnel with appropriate levels of accounting knowledge and experience to monitor the daily recording of transactions, address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review financial statements and related disclosures under U.S. GAAP; (2) we lack of a functional internal audit department or personnel that monitors the consistencies of the preventive internal control procedures; lack of adequate policies and procedures in internal audit function to ensure that our policies and procedures have been carried out as planned; (3) we lack of proper procedures developed and implemented for Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities and IT Risk Assessment; (4) we lack of proper procedures developed and implemented for User Account Management and Password Management; (5) we lack of proper procedures developed and implemented for Segregation of Duties and Audit Log Review and (6) we lack of proper procedures developed and implemented for Third-Party (Service Organization) Vendor Management.

Following the identification of the material weaknesses and control deficiencies, we plan to take remedial measures including (i) hiring more qualified accounting personnel with relevant U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting experience and qualifications to strengthen the financial reporting function and to set up a financial and system control framework; (ii) implementing regular and continuous U.S. GAAP accounting and financial reporting training programs for our accounting and financial reporting personnel; (iii) establish internal audit function by engaging an external consulting firm to assist us with assessment of Sarbanes-Oxley compliance requirements and improvement of overall internal control; and (iv) strengthening corporate governance. However, the implementation of these measures may not fully address the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Our failure to correct the material weaknesses or our failure to discover and address any other material weaknesses or control deficiencies could result in inaccuracies in our consolidated financial statements and could also impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. As a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the trading price of our common stocks, may be materially and adversely affected. Moreover, ineffective internal control over financial reporting significantly hinders our ability to prevent fraud.

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. In addition, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefit of controls must be relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no system of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Further, controls can be circumvented by individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more persons, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.

If we fail to have effective controls and procedures for financial reporting in place, we could be unable to provide timely and accurate financial information which could result in an investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission and civil or criminal sanctions; investors losing confidence in the accuracy of our periodic reports filed under the Exchange Act; and a decline in our stock price.

We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are not applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We are choosing to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards.

We will remain an “emerging growth company” until the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of our common stock pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, although we will lose that status sooner if our revenues exceed $1.07 billion, if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three year period, or if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

The elimination of personal liability against our directors and officers under Delaware law and the existence of indemnification rights held by our directors, officers and employees may result in substantial expenses.

Our certificate of incorporation, as amended (“Certificate of Incorporation”) eliminates the personal liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer to the extent permissible under Delaware law. Further, our bylaws (“Bylaws”) provide that we are obligated to indemnify each of our directors or officers to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware law and, subject to certain conditions, advance the expenses incurred by any director or officer in defending any action, suit or proceeding prior to its final disposition. Those indemnification obligations could expose us to substantial expenditures to cover the cost of settlement or damage awards against our directors or officers, which we may be unable to afford. Further, those provisions and resulting costs may discourage us or our stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against any of our current or former directors or officers for breaches of their fiduciary duties, even if such actions might otherwise benefit our stockholders.

You should consult your own independent tax advisor regarding any tax matters arising with respect to the securities offered in connection with this offering.

Participation in this offering could result in various tax-related consequences for investors. All prospective purchasers of the resold securities are advised to consult their own independent tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences relevant to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the resold securities in their particular situations.

We have not paid dividends in the past and do not expect to pay dividends in the future, and any return on investment may be limited to the value of our stock.

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to support the development of our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our payment of any future dividends will be at the discretion of our Board after taking into account various factors, including, but not limited to, our financial condition, operating results, cash needs, growth plans and the terms of any credit agreements that we may be a party to at the time. In addition, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock may be limited by Delaware state law. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize a return on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.

IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE RISKS, BUSINESSES ARE OFTEN SUBJECT TO RISKS NOT FORESEEN OR FULLY APPRECIATED BY MANAGEMENT. IN REVIEWING THIS FILING, POTENTIAL INVESTORS SHOULD KEEP IN MIND THAT OTHER POSSIBLE RISKS MAY ADVERSELY IMPACT THE COMPANY’S BUSINESS OPERATIONS AND THE VALUE OF THE COMPANY’S SECURITIES.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains “forward-looking statements.” Forward-looking statements reflect the current view about future events. When used in this prospectus, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms and similar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forward-looking statements. Such statements, include, but are not limited to, statements contained in this prospectus relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, without limitation:

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.

Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, we do not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately $[*] (or approximately $[*] if the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full) from the sale of the common stock offered by us in this offering, based on an assumed public offering price of $[*] per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus), and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility, increase our visibility in the marketplace and create a public market for our common stock. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to us from this offering. However, we currently intend to use the net proceeds to us from this offering for marketing, hiring, IT development and working capital and general corporate purposes. In addition, we may use a portion of the proceeds for acquisitions, but we have not yet identified nor entered into preliminary negotiations with any specific acquisition target. To the extent we enter into an acquisition agreement the cash costs would come from the working capital and general corporate purposes amount below

The table below sets forth the manner in which we expect to use the net proceeds we receive from this offering. All amounts included in the table below are estimates.

The foregoing information is an estimate based on our current business plan. We may find it necessary or advisable to re-allocate portions of the net proceeds reserved for one category to another, and we will have broad discretion in doing so. Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering in a money market or other interest-bearing account.

MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Prior to this offering, our common stock has not been listed on any stock exchange or quoted on any over-the-counter market or quotation system and there has been no public market for our common stock. We intend to apply to have our common stock listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “[*],” which listing is a condition to this offering. There can be no assurance that our listing application will be approved. For more information see the section “Risk Factors.”

As of April 18, 2022, 10,545,251 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding and were held by 17 stockholders of record.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have not declared any cash dividends since inception and we do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Instead, we anticipate that all of our earnings will be used to provide working capital, to support our operations, and to finance the growth and development of our business. The payment of dividends is within the discretion of the Board and will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, prospects, applicable Delaware law, which provides that dividends are only payable out of surplus or current net profits, and other factors our Board might deem relevant. There are no restrictions that currently limit our ability to pay dividends on our common stock other than those generally imposed by applicable state law.

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our consolidated cash and capitalization, as of December 31, 2021. Such information is set forth on the following basis:

You should read the following table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our financial statements and related notes included in this prospectus.

The pro forma as adjusted information set forth below is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

DILUTION

Purchasers of our common stock in this offering will experience an immediate and substantial dilution in the as adjusted net tangible book value of their shares of common stock. Dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value represents the difference between the public offering price per share and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after the offering.

The historical net tangible book (deficit) value of our common stock as of December 31, 2021, was $(11,425,063) or $(1.08) per share. Historical net tangible book value per share of our common stock represents our total tangible assets (total assets less intangible assets) less total liabilities divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of that date. After giving effect to the conversion of the Convertible Notes and the amounts due under the Tophill Loan Agreement and the sale of [*] shares in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $[*] per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus) for net proceeds of approximately $[*] as if such offering and such share issuances had occurred on June 30, 2021, our pro forma net tangible book value as of December 31, 2021 would have been $[*] or approximately $[*] per share of our common stock. This represents an immediate increase in as adjusted pro forma, net tangible book value per share of $[*] to the existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in as adjusted pro forma net tangible book value per share of $[*] to new investors who purchase shares of common stock in the offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution to new investors:

After completion of this offering, our existing stockholders would own approximately [*]% and our new investors would own approximately [*]% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering.

To the extent that outstanding options or warrants are exercised, you will experience further dilution. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities may result in further dilution to our stockholders.

Capitalization Table

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the section headed “Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Overview

Treasure Global Inc. (“TGI”, “we”, “our”, or the “Company”) is a holding company incorporated on March 20, 2020, under the laws of the State of Delaware. TGI has no substantive operations other than holding all of the outstanding shares of Gem Reward Sdn. Bhd. (“GEM”), which was established under the laws of the Malaysia on June 6, 2017, through a reverse recapitalization.

Prior to March 11, 2021, TGI and GEM were separate companies under the common control of Darren Tan, which resulted from Mr. Tan’s prior 100% ownership of TGI and his prior 100% voting and investment control over GEM pursuant to the Beneficial Shareholding Agreements. For a more detailed description of the Beneficial Shareholding Agreements and Mr. Tan’s common control over TGI and GEM see “Prospectus Summary—Corporate Structure.

On March 11, 2021, TGI and GEM were reorganized into a parent subsidiary structure pursuant to the Share Swap Agreement in which TGI exchanged the Swap Shares for all equity of GEM. Pursuant to the Share Swap Agreement, the purchase and sale of the Swap Shares was completed on March 11, 2021, but the issuance of the Swap Shares did not occur until October 27, 2021 when TGI amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of its authorized common stock to a number that was sufficient to issue the Swap Shares. As a result of the Share Swap Agreement, (i) GEM became the 100% subsidiary of TGI and Darren Tan no longer had any control over the GEM ordinary shares and (ii) Darren Tan, the Initial GEM Shareholders and Sam Teo owned 100% of the shares of TGI common stock (Darren Tan owning approximately 97%). Subsequent to the date of the Share Swap Agreement, Darren Tan transferred 9,529,002 of his 10,000,000 shares of TGI common stock to 16 individuals and entities and currently owns less than 5% of our common stock.

We have created an innovative O2O e-commerce platform business model offering consumers and merchants instant rebates and affiliate cashback programs, while providing a seamless e-payment solution with rebates in both e-commerce (i.e., online) and physical retailers/merchant (i.e., offline) settings.

Our proprietary product is an App branded “ZCITY App”, which was developed through GEM. The ZCITY App was successfully launched in Malaysia June 2020. GEM is equipped with the know-how and expertise to develop additional/add-on technology-based products and services to complement the ZCITY App, thereby growing its reach and user base.

Through simplifying a user’s e-payment gateway experience, as well as by providing great deals, rewards and promotions with every use, we aim to make the ZCITY App Malaysia’s top reward and loyalty platform. Our longer-term goal is for the ZCITY App and its ever-developing technology to become one of the most well-known commercialized applications more broadly in Southeast Asia and Japan.

As of April 18, 2022 we have on boarded over 1,500,000 registered users and 1,900 registered merchants onto our ZCITY platform.

SEA consumers have access to a plethora of smart ordering, delivery and “loyalty” websites and apps, but in our experience, SEA consumers very rarely receive personalized deals based on their purchases and behavior.

The ZCITY App targets consumer through the provision of personalized deals based on consumers’ purchase history, location and preferences. Our technology platform allows us to identify the spending trends of our customers (the when, where, why, and how much). We are able to offer these personalized deals through the application [of our proprietary] artificial intelligence (or “AI”) technology that scours the available database to identify and create opportunities to extrapolate the greatest value from the data, analyze consumer behavior and roll out attractive rewards-based campaigns for targeted audiences. We believe this AI technology is currently a unique market differentiator for the ZCITY App.

We operate our ZCITY App on the hashtag: “#RewardsOnRewards”. We believe this branding demonstrates to users the ability to spend ZCITY App-based Reward Points (or “RP”) and “ZCITY Cash Vouchers” with discount benefits at checkout. Additionally, users can earn rewards from selected e-Wallet or other payment methods.

ZCITY App users do not require any on-going credit top-up or need to provide bank card number with their binding obligations. We have partnered with Malaysia’s leading payment gateway, IPAY88, for secure and convenient transactions. Users can use our secure platform and enjoy cashless shopping experiences with rebates when they shop with e-commerce and retail merchants through trusted and leading e-wallet providers such as Touch’n Go eWallet, Boost eWallet, GrabPay eWallet and credit card/online banking like the “FPX” (the Malaysian Financial Process Exchange) as well as more traditional providers such as Visa and Mastercard.

Key Factors that Affect Operating Results

We believe the key factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations include the following:

Our Ability to Create Value for Our Users and Generate Revenue.

Our ability to create value for our users and generate our revenues from merchants is driven by the factors described below:

Our Investment in User Base, Technology, People and Infrastructure.

We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in our platform to attract consumers and merchants, enhance user experience and expand the capabilities and scope of our platform. We expect to continue to invest in our research and development team as well as in our technology capabilities and infrastructure, which will lower our margins but deliver overall long-term growth.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The current outbreak of COVID-19 has globally resulted in the loss of life, business closures, restrictions on travel, and widespread cancellation of social gatherings. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, including:

In addition, the current outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in a widespread global health crisis and adversely affected global economies and financial markets, and similar public health threats could do so in the future. Such events have impacted, and could in the future impact, demand for merchants and consumer purchase patterns, which in turn, could adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, all our merchant clients have been affected by COVID-19 measures for Food and Beverage (“F&B”) as these measures temporarily stopped restaurant dine-ins.

With the ongoing pandemic, we also face challenges in our operation as follows:

The pandemic, however, has also created more advantages for us as follows:

In this regard, ZCITY has acted as an aggregator payment gateway, but not a digital wallet itself. We believe the business model has further enhanced user experience and reliance and developed user loyalty to our platform. We have experienced a slow-down in hiring new personnel. We believe this is due to a downturn in the available human capital in the employment market generally in Malaysia. However, with the existing talents in the organization, everyone is playing their role to fulfil the business need while waiting the vacancies to be filled. Looking forward into the post-pandemic which the talents market may be resume back to normal, we have the detailed plan and putting effort to attract the suitable talents to join us.

The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices, including employee travel, employee work locations in certain cases, and cancellation of physical participation in certain meetings, events and conferences and further actions may be taken as required or recommended by government authorities or as we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and other business partners. Pandemic period is challenging, yet ZCITY is able to generate more sales revenue through virtual meeting and training to our business partners and potential market. We are monitoring the global outbreak of the pandemic, in SEA.

Because of the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak, the financial impact related to the outbreak of and response to the COVID-19 cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Key Operating Metrics 

Our management regularly reviews a number of metrics to evaluate our business, measures our performance, identifies trends, formulates financial projections and makes strategic decisions. The main metrics we consider, and our results for each quarter during the years ended June 30, 2021 and the six months ended December 31, 2022, are set forth in the table below:

(1) Registered are persons who have registered on the ZCity App.

(2) Active users are users who have logged into the ZCITY App at least once.

We have experienced substantial growth in registered users and active users since we launched ZCITY platform in June 2020. As of December 31, 2021, we recorded 1,137,243 register users and 404,974 active users from ZCITY platform. Our average percentage of growth of register and active users throughout the quarters as of December 31, 2021 since the establishment of the ZCITY platform was 188.1% and 395.4%, respectively. However, the average percentage of growth of registered and active users decreased in the last three quarters from December 31, 2021 which was a result of the resurgence of the COVID-19 outbreak and the imposition by the Malaysian Government of a Movement Control Order (“MCO”) in May and June of 2021 as the majority of our participating merchants are restaurant owners or service providers and required the spending from our participating members to be in person. Despite the negative impact of the COVID-19 resurgence, we expect our product and loyalty program revenue to continue to grow in 2022 and beyond as a growing proportion of the Malaysian population have been fully vaccinated and we expect to continue to attract more people to engage with our platform. 

We continuously monitor the development and participation of monthly active users as a proportion of its total registered user base. Accordingly, the proportion of total registered users the Company considers active users at the end of each quarter is as follows:

We continuously monitor the development of the churn and retention rates of its active user base. Accordingly, our churn and retention rates for its active user base at the end of each quarter is as follows:

The retention rate for our AU is calculated as follows:

Over the last 18 months, we have used different strategies to build and maintain our users and increase their engagement. Initially, we focused on mass marketing strategies to attract registered users. Subsequently, we have shifted to a more targeted approach focused on increasing user engagement and user spending.

Results of Operation

For the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020

Revenue

Our breakdown of revenues by categories for the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2021, respectively, is summarized below:

Total revenues increased by approximately $42.7 million or 66,664.6% to approximately $42.7 million for the six months ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $64,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2020. The increase was mainly attributable to the exponential growth of the registered user from our O2O e-commerce platform known as “ZCITY” platforms as we had acquired 534,121 new registered users for the six months ended December 31, 2021 compare to 58,868 new registered users for the same period in 2020 The increased of registered users enhance the traffic of our platform and allow us to monetize our revenue streams including product revenue, loyalty program revenue, transaction revenue and agent subscription revenue. The change for each revenue stream was as follows:

Product and loyalty program revenue

Product revenue was generated through sales of our e-voucher, health care products, and other product through our ZCITY platform while loyalty program revenue was recognized when our customers redeem their previously earned reward point from our loyalty program or upon expiration of the reward point. We have experienced significant growth in register users and active users since we launched our ZCITY platform in June 2020. As of December 31, 2021, we recorded 1,137,243 registered users and 404,974 active users from ZCITY platform. Our average percentage of growth of registered and active users throughout the quarters as of December 31, 2021 since the establishment of ZCITY platform was approximately 188.1% and 395.4%, respectively. However, the average percentage of growth of register and active user was decreased in last three quarters as of December 31, 2021 which was resulted from the resurgence of COVID-19 outbreak and MCO in May and June of 2021 as majority of our participated merchants are restaurant owners or service providers and required the spending from our participated members to be in person. Despite the negative impact of COVID-19 resurgence, we expect our product and loyalty program revenue continued to grow for 2022 and beyond as more population in the Malaysia have been fully vaccinated and we will continue to attract more people to engage with our platform.

 Transaction revenue

The transactions revenue primarily consists of fees charged to merchants for participating in our ZCITY platform upon successful sales transaction and payment service taken place between the merchants and their customers online. Our transaction revenue was increased by $23,124 or 420.8% to approximately $29,000 for the six month ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $5,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2020. The increase was mainly attribute to we have engaged with 1,964 local merchants to connect them with their customers through our ZCITY platform as of December 31, 2021 compare to 984 as of December 31, 2020. Our average percentage of growth of new merchants was approximately 50.2% throughout the quarters as of December 31, 2021 since the establishment of ZCITY platform. Even though we experience slowdown in adding new merchants to our platform during the last three quarters ended December 31, 2020 and for the six month ended December 31, 2021, as a result of resurgence of COVID-19, We expect more local merchants to join us due to our fast-growing users for 2022 and beyond.

Agent subscription revenue

Agent subscription revenue primarily consist of fees charged to the agents in exchange for right by introducing merchants to join our merchant network and to earn a future fixed percentage of commission fee upon completion of each sales transaction between the referred merchants and their customers. Agent subscription revenue was decreased by approximately $18,000 or 30.8% to $40,499 for the six months ended December 31, 2021 from approximately $59,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2020. The decrease was a result of negative impact of COVID-19 resurgence as our numbers of new agents subscribed to our ZCITY platform was decrease to 36 new agents for the six months ended December 31, 2021 from 162 for the same period in 2020.

Cost of Revenue

Our breakdown of cost of revenues by categories for the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, is summarized below:

Cost of revenues mainly consist of the purchases of the gift card or “E-voucher” pin code, and health care product which is directly attributable to our product revenue. Total cost of revenue increased by approximately $42.5 million or 100% for the six months ended December 31, 2021 compared with the same period of prior year. The increase was in line with our increase in revenue.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit from our major revenue categories is summarized as follows:

Gross profit for the six months ended December 31, 2021 amounted to approximately $211,059 as compared to $64,002 for the six months ended December 31, 2020. Gross margin was approximately 0.5% and 100% for the Six Months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in gross profit was mainly due to increase of revenue in product and loyalty revenue and transaction revenue as result of exponential growth of registered users and active users for the six months ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in gross margin was mainly due to product and loyalty revenue possessed lower percentage gross margin as our strategy of providing competitive discount to attract more users to sign up with our platform.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of selling expenses, general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, and stock-based compensation.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 amounted to approximately $3.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, representing an increase of approximately $3.1 million or 659.6%. The increase was mainly due to increase in marketing and promotion expense of approximately $3.2 million related to promote our ZCITY platform and eventually attract more people to sign up as member. Marketing and promotion expense also consists of redemptions of reward point which is generated from non-spending related activities (registration as a new user, referral of a new user and Spin & Win eligibility to receive reward point) in exchange of discounted credit of purchasing our products upon conversion of using the reward point. For the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we incurred approximately $1.8 million and $0, respectively, in marketing and promotion expense, and recognized the same amount of product revenue at the time of redemption of the non-spending related activities reward point by our customers. 

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 amounted to approximately $1.1 million and $1.0, respectively. Representing a slightly increase of approximately $23,000 or 2.2%. The net increase was mainly due to increase of approximately $0.3 million in salaries expenses as a result of expansion of our business operation after the launch of our ZCITY platform, offset by approximately decrease of approximately $0.4 million in professional fee.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expense amounted to approximately $193,000 and $247,000 for the Six Months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing decrease of approximately $54,000 or 21.7 %. The decrease was mainly due to our ZCITY platform has become more sophisticated as less maintenance was required for the six months ended December 31, 2021.

Stock-Based Compensation expenses

Stock-based compensation expenses amounted to approximately $0.6 million and $0 the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, representing increase of approximately $0.6 million. The increase was mainly due to we engaged with Exchange Listing, LLC (“Consultant”), to provide advisory service in capital market advisory, corporate governance, and organizational meeting related to our initial public offering in the United States.

Other Expense, net

Other expense, net amounted to approximately $629,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2021, compared with other income, net of approximately $4,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2020. The change was mainly attribute to the issuances of our convertible notes during the six months ended December 31, 2021, which incurred interest expense of approximately $407,000 and amortization of debt discount of approximately $252,000. The increase was offset by the increase of other income, net of approximately $13,000 during the six months ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income tax were amount to $1,000 for both the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The amount was attribute to tax imposed on Treasure Global Inc. from state of Delaware, as we are required to remit franchise tax to state of Delaware on annual basis.

Net Loss

Our net loss increased by approximately $4.2 million from approximately $1.7 million for the six months ended December 31, 2020 to approximately $5.9 million for the six months ended December 31, 2021, predominately due to reasons as discussed above.

TGI is also subject to controlled foreign corporations Subpart F income (“Subpart F”) tax, which is a tax primarily on passive income from controlled foreign corporations with a tax rate of 35%. In addition, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act imposed a global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) tax, which is a tax on certain off-shore earnings at an effective rate of 10.5% for tax years (50% deduction of the current enacted tax rate of 21%) with a partial offset for 80% foreign tax credits. If the foreign tax rate is 13.125% or higher, there will be no U.S. corporate tax after the 80% foreign tax credits are applied.

For the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, our foreign subsidiaries did not generate any income that are subject to Subpart F tax and GILTI tax.

For the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

Revenue

Our breakdown of revenues by categories for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2021, respectively, is summarized below:

Total revenues increased by approximately $13.8 million or 5,128.2% to approximately $14.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2021 from approximately $0.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2020. The increase was mainly attributable to the launch of our O2O e-commerce platform known as “ZCITY” platforms in June 2020 which allows us to monetize newly developed revenue streams including product revenue, loyalty program revenue, transaction revenue and agent subscription revenue. The change for each revenue stream was as follows:

Product and loyalty program revenue

Product revenue was generated through sales of our e-voucher or other product through our ZCITY platform while loyalty program revenue was recognized when our customers redeem their previously earned reward point from our loyalty program or upon expiration of the reward point. We have experienced exponential growth in register users and active users since we launched our ZCITY platform in June 2020. For the year ended June 30, 2021, we recorded 603,122 register users and 341,219 active users from ZCITY platform. Our average percentage of growth of registered and active users throughout the quarters during the year ended June 30, 2021 was approximately 288.7% and 639.2%, respectively. However, the average percentage of growth of registered and active users was decreased in the quarter ended June 30, 2021 compare with previous two quarters during the year ended June 30, 2021 which was resulted from the resurgence of COVID-19 outbreak and MCO in May and June of 2021 as majority of our participating merchants are restaurant owners or service providers and required the spending from our participating members to be in person. Despite the negative impact of the COVID-19 resurgence, we expect our product and loyalty program revenue continued to grow for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2022 and beyond as more of the population in Malaysia has been fully vaccinated and we will continue to attract more people to engage with our platform.

Transaction revenue

The transactions revenue primarily consists of fees charged to merchants for participating in our ZCITY platform upon successful sales transaction and payment service taken place between the merchants and their customers online. As of June 30, 2021, we have engaged with 1,905 local merchants to connect them with their customers through our ZCITY platform. Our average percentage of growth of new merchants was 82.6% throughout the quarters during the year ended June 30, 2021. Even though we experience slowdown in adding new merchants to our platform during the last quarter of the year ended June 30, 2021, as a result of resurgence of COVID-19, we expect more local merchants will join us due to our fast-growing user base as soon as the COVID-19 restriction eased.

Agent subscription revenue

Agent subscription revenue primarily consist of fees charged to the agents in exchange for right by introducing merchants to join our merchant network and to earn a future fixed percentage of commission fee upon completion of each sales transaction between the referred merchants and their customers. Agent subscription revenue was increased by approximately $71,000 or 241.9% to approximately $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2021 from approximately $29,000 for the year ended June 30, 2020. The increase was a result of increase of 296 agents subscribed to our Z-agent program when we first launched in June 2020.

I.T professional service revenue

I.T professional service revenue primarily consist of server assembling and I.T consulting service. Revenue from I.T professional service was decreased 100% for the year ended June 30, 2021 as we have shifted our focus to our aforementioned revenue streams in our ZCITY platform when we first launched it in June 2020. We expect our I.T professional service revenue continue to remain an insignificant portion of our revenue moving forward.

Cost of Revenue

Our breakdown of cost of revenues by categories for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, is summarized below:

Cost of revenues mainly consist of the purchases of the gift card or “E-voucher” pin code which is directly attributable to our product revenue. Cost of revenue also consists of third-party contractor fee which related to our I.T professional service revenue. Total cost of revenue increased by approximately $13.7 million or 6,064.3% to approximately $13.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2021 from approximately $0.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2020. The increase was in line with our increase in revenue as we launched our ZCITY platform at the end of June 2020.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit from our major revenue categories is summarized as follows:

Gross profit for the year ended June 30, 2021 amounted to approximately $140,000 as compared to $43,000 for the year ended June 30, 2020. Gross margin was approximately 1.0% and 16.0% for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in gross profit was mainly due to increase of revenue in product and loyalty revenue, transaction revenue, and agent subscription revenue as result of the launch of our ZCITY platform in June 2020. The decrease in gross margin was mainly due to product and loyalty revenue possessed lower percentage gross margin as our strategy of providing competitive discount to attract more users to sign up with our platform.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of selling expenses, general and administrative expenses, and research and development expenses.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 amounted to approximately $3.0 million and $46,000, respectively. Representing an increase of approximately $3.0 million or 6,505.0%. The increase was mainly due to increase in marketing and promotion expense of approximately $2.6 million related to promote our ZCITY platform and eventually attract more people to sign up as member. Marketing and promotion expense also consists of redemptions of reward point which is generated from non-spending related activities (registration as a new user, referral of a new user and Spin & Win eligibility to receive reward point) in exchange of discounted credit of purchasing our products upon conversion of using the reward point. For the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, we incurred approximately $0.4 million and $0, respectively, in marketing and promotion expense, and recognized the same amount of product revenue at the time of redemption of the non-spending related activities reward point by our customers.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expenses for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 amounted to approximately $4.2 million and $53,000, respectively. Representing an increase of approximately $4.2 million or 8,002.5%. The increase was mainly due to increase of professional fee and independent director fee of approximately $3.6 million as we are in the process of initial public offering to be listed in the United States. In addition, the increase was also due to an increase of approximately $0.4 million in salaries and employee benefits expenses and approximately $0.2 million in other miscellaneous general and administrative expenses as a result of expansion of our business operation after the launch of our ZCITY platform.

Research and development expenses

Research and development expense amounted to approximately $0.4 million and $55,000 for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Representing an increase of approximately $0.4 million or 686.2%. The increase was mainly due to we increase our spending in website and mobile application developing in order to better provide user experience to our customers, and eventually attract more people to sign up for our ZCITY platform.

Other Expense, net

Other expense, net amounted to approximately $327,000 and $0 for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Representing an increase of approximately $327,000 or 100%. The increase was mainly attribute to the issuances of our convertible notes during the year ended June 30, 2021, which incurred interest expense of approximately $163,000 and amortization of debt discount of approximately $239,000. The increase was offset by the increase of other income, net of approximately $75,000 during the year ended June 30, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income tax were amount to $2,000 and $0 for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. The increase was attribute to $2,000 tax imposed on Treasure Global Inc. from state of Delaware, as we are required to remit franchise tax to state of Delaware on annual basis.

Net Loss

Our net loss increased by approximately $7.8 million from approximately $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2020 to approximately $7.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2021, predominately due to reasons as discussed above.

TGI also subject to controlled foreign corporations Subpart F income (“Subpart F”) tax, which is a tax primarily on passive income from controlled foreign corporations with a tax rate of 35%. In addition, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act imposed a global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) tax, which is a tax on certain off-shore earnings at an effective rate of 10.5% for tax years (50% deduction of the current enacted tax rate of 21%) with a partial offset for 80% foreign tax credits. If the foreign tax rate is 13.125% or higher, there will be no U.S. corporate tax after the 80% foreign tax credits are applied.

For the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, our foreign subsidiaries did not generate any income that are subject to Subpart F tax and GILTI tax.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In assessing liquidity, we monitor and analyses cash on-hand and operating expenditure commitments. Our liquidity needs are to meet working capital requirements and operating expense obligations. To date, we financed our operations primarily through cash flows from contribution from shareholders, issuance of convertible notes and related party loans.

As of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021, we had approximately $1.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively, in cash and cash equivalent which primarily consists of bank deposits, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. We have a working capital deficit of approximately $4.4 million and $1.6 million at December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021, respectively, approximately $4.3 million and $4.0 million, respectively, of payable to related parties which are due on demand. However, we do not expect our related parties to request the on-demand payment we need to use the operating fund to fulfill our operation needs. Therefore, our working capital, excluding payable to related party, was approximately $0.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

Subsequent to December 31, 2021, with our cash on hand balance and cash inflow from our operations, we believe we can satisfy our cash requirements to pay for our future payment obligations until October 2022 that Company cash will be fully utilized without consideration to funds from this initial public offering or raising any other additional funds. To ensure the Company has enough funding after October 2022, we intend to raise additional funds prior to the completion of this initial public offering through the following sources:

No assurance can be provided that our existing convertible notes holders, related parties or shareholders will continue to provide funds to the Company in the future nor if we will be successfully be able to obtain loans from any Malaysia banks and other financial institutions, based on the above considerations, our management is of the opinion that we probably not having sufficient funds to meet the working capital requirements and debt obligations as they become due starting from one year from the date of this prospectus. As a result, the Company’s management has determined there is substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern.

In addition, we entered into and drew down on the following loan facility from a third party subsequent to December 31, 2021:

We entered into the Tophill Loan Agreement dated January 3, 2022 and amended on March 15, 2022 with Tophill, pursuant to which Tophill provided us with a revolving loan facility to borrow up to RM 20,000,000 (approximately $4,800,000) bearing interest at 3.5% per annum, which is payable on demand. On March 15, 2022 the agreement was amended to provide that (i) all principal and accrued and unpaid interest outstanding under the Tophill Loan Agreement on the closing of our initial public offering will automatically be converted into shares of our common stock at a conversion price that is equal to 80% of the initial public offering price and (ii) the Tophill Loan Agreement terminates on the closing date of our initial public offering. As of April 18, 2022, the Company withdrew RM 6.2 million (approximately $1.5 million) from this facility.

For further details of the Tophill Loan Agreement, see “Prospectus Summary—Recent Developments—Financings.”

The following summarizes the key components of our cash flows for the six months ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the years ended June 30, 2021 and 2020:

Operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $3.8 million and were mainly comprised of the net loss of approximately $5.9 million. The net cash used in operating activities was mainly offset by amortization of debt discount of approximately $0.3 million, stock-based compensation of approximately $0.6 million, decrease of inventories of approximately $0.2 million as we improved our inventories turnover rate due to demand of our product, increase in accounts payable (including related parties) of approximately $0.4 million, and the increase in other payables and accrued liability of approximately $0.5 million mainly related to the accrued professional expenses.

Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended December 31, 2020 was approximately $1.1 million and was mainly comprised of our net loss of approximately $1.7 million. The net cash used in operating activities was mainly offset by the decrease in other receivable and other current assets of approximately $0.5 million as we collected back our security deposits during the period, and the increase in other payables and accrued liability of approximately $0.1 million mainly related to the accrued professional expenses.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2021 was approximately $6.8 million and were mainly comprised of the net loss of approximately $7.9 million, increase of inventories of approximately $0.4 million as we need to stock up the gift card or “E-voucher” after the launch of our ZCITY platform for resale and the increase in prepayments of approximately $0.2 million as our vendors required us to make more deposits to secure our E-voucher purchases. The net cash used in operating activities was mainly offset by the amortization of debt discount of approximately $0.2 million, the decrease in other receivable and other current assets of approximately $0.5 million as we collected back our security deposits during the period, the increase in accounts payable (including related parties) of approximately $0.2 million, the increase in customer deposits (including related parties) of approximately $0.3 million, and the increase in other payables and accrued liability of approximately $0.5 million mainly related to the unredeemed portion of the reward point.

Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2020 was approximately $0.5 million and was mainly comprised of our net loss of approximately $0.1 million and the increase in other receivables and other current assets of approximately $0.5 million as our software developer required us to make security deposits prior to the start of their services. The net cash used in operating activities was mainly offset by the increase in other payables and accrued liability of approximately $0.1 million mainly related to the accrued professional expenses.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $176,000, which was in respect of leasehold improvement for our operations.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2020 was approximately $2,400, which was in respect of purchase of equipment for our operations.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2021 was approximately $85,000, which was in respect of purchase of equipment for our operations.

Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2020 was approximately $300, which was in respect of purchase of equipment for our operations.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $2.8 million, which were mainly comprised of proceeds received from the issuance of convertible note of approximately $2.4 million and proceeds borrowed from our related parties of approximately $0.4 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2020 was approximately $1.4 million, which were mainly comprised of capital contributions received from the shareholders of approximately $0.2 million, proceeds received from the issuance of convertible note of approximately $0.3 million and proceeds borrowed from our related parties of approximately $0.9 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2021 was approximately $9.8 million, which were mainly comprised of capital contributions received from the shareholders of approximately $0.2 million, proceeds received from the issuance of convertible note and senior note of approximately $5.5 million and proceeds borrowed from our related parties of approximately $4.0 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2020 was approximately $0.5 million, which were mainly comprised of capital contributions received from the shareholders of approximately $0.5 million, and proceeds borrowed from our related parties of approximately $15,000.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2021 and June 30, 2021, we have no significant off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to our stockholders.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimate

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for information pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and include all normal and recurring adjustments that management considers necessary for a fair presentation of its financial position and operation results.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant accounting estimates reflected in our consolidated financial statements include allowance for doubtful accounts, allowance for inventories obsolescence, useful lives of property and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, allowance for deferred tax assets, fair value of convertible note and uncertain tax position. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Foreign currency translation and transaction

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The reporting currency of the Company is United States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying financial statements have been expressed in US$. The Company’s subsidiary in Malaysia conducts its businesses and maintains its books and record in the local currency, Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR” or “RM”), as its functional currency.

In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within the statements of stockholders’ equity. Cash flows are also translated at average translation rates for the periods, therefore, amounts reported on the statement of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets.

Cash and cash equivalent

Cash is carried at cost and represent cash on hand, time deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. Cash equivalent consist of funds received from customer, which funds were held at the third-party platform’s fund account and which are unrestricted and immediately available for withdrawal and use.

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less an allowance for any uncollectible accounts and do not bear interest, which are due after 30 days. Accounts receivable include money due from agent subscription and other professional service revenue. Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, using historical collection trends and aging of receivables. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer’s financial condition, credit history, and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in the allowance when it is considered necessary. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Our management continues to evaluate the reasonableness of the valuation allowance policy and update it if necessary.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, cost being determined on a first-in-first-out method. Costs include gift card or “E-voucher” pin code which are purchased from our suppliers as merchandized goods or store credit. Management compares the cost of inventories with the net realizable value and if applicable, an allowance is made for writing down the inventory to its net realizable value, if lower than cost. On an ongoing basis, inventories are reviewed for potential write-down for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventories which equals the difference between the costs of inventories and the estimated net realizable value based upon forecasts for future demand and market conditions. When inventories are written-down to the lower of cost or net realizable value, it is not marked up subsequently based on changes in underlying facts and circumstances.

Other receivables and other current assets, net

Other receivables and other current assets primarily include refundable advance to third party service provider and other deposits. Management regularly reviews the aging of receivables and changes in payment trends and records allowances when management believes collection of amounts due are at risk. Accounts considered uncollectable are written off against allowances after exhaustive efforts at collection are made.

Prepayments

Prepayments and deposits are mainly cash deposited or advanced to suppliers for future inventory purchases. This amount is refundable and bears no interest. For any prepayments determined by management that such advances will not be in receipts of inventories, services, or refundable, we will recognize an allowance account to reserve such balances. Management reviews its prepayments on a regular basis to determine if the allowance is adequate, and adjusts the allowance when necessary. Delinquent account balances are written-off against allowance for doubtful accounts after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable. Our management continues to evaluate the reasonableness of the valuation allowance policy and update it if necessary.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets with no residual value. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred, while additions, renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized. We also re-evaluate the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives.

Impairment for long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, including property and equipment, and intangible assets with finite lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. We assessed the recoverability of the assets based on the undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. If an impairment is identified, we would reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flows approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values.

Customer deposits

Customer deposits represent amounts advanced by customers on service order. Customer deposits are reduced when the related sale is recognized in accordance with our revenue recognition policy.

Revenue recognition

We adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606) for all periods presented. The core principle underlying the revenue recognition of this ASU allows us to recognize - revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in such exchange. This will require us to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.

To achieve that core principle, we apply five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model requires that we (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.

We account for a contract with a customer when the contract is committed in writing, the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified, the contract has commercial substance and consideration is probable of substantially collection.

Revenue recognition policies for each type of revenue stream are as follows:

Product Revenues

- Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time

We primarily sell discounted gift cards from retailers, health care products and computer products through individual orders directly through our online marketplace platform and its mobile application (“Z-City”). We account for the revenue generated from our sales of gift cards, health care products, and computer products on a gross basis as we are acting as a principal in these transactions and are responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods, which we have control of the goods and has the ability to direct the use of goods to obtain substantially all the benefits. In making this determination, we also assess whether we are primarily obligated, subject to inventory risk ,have latitude in establishing prices, or has met several but not all of these indicators in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-36 through 40. We recognize the sales of gift card, health care products, and computer products revenue when the control of the specified goods is transferred to the customer. No refund or return policy is provided to the customer.

Loyalty Program

- Performance obligations satisfied over time

Our Z-City reward loyalty program allows members to earn points on purchases that can be redeemed for rewards that include discounts on future purchases. When members purchase our product or make purchase with our participated vendor through Z-City, we allocate the transaction price between the product or service, and the reward points earned based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and expected point redemption. The portion allocated to the reward points is initially recorded as contract liability and subsequently recognized as revenue upon redemption or expiration.

The two primary estimates utilized to record the contract liability for reward points earned by members are the estimated retail price per point and estimated breakage. The estimated retail price per point is based on the actual historical retail prices of product purchased or service obtained through the redemption of reward points. We estimate breakage of reward points based on historical redemption rates. We continually evaluate its methodology and assumptions based on developments in retail price per point redeemed, redemption patterns and other factors. Changes in the retail price per point and redemption rates have the effect of either increasing or decreasing the contract liability through current period revenue by an amount estimated to represent the retail value of all points previously earned but not yet redeemed by loyalty program members as of the end of the reporting period.

Transactions Revenue

- Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time

The transactions revenues primarily consist of fees charged to merchants for participating in Z-City upon successful sales transaction and payment service taken place between the merchants and their customers online.

We earn transaction revenue from merchants when transactions are completed on certain retail marketplaces. Such revenue is generally determined as a percentage based on the value of merchandise or services being sold by the merchants. In connection with the transaction revenue, we are required to share the profit on the transactions (“agent commission”) to the agents who have referred merchants to participate in our online marketplace platform and in Z-City. Transaction revenue is recognized, net of agent commission, in the consolidated statements of operations at the time when the underlying transaction is completed.

Agent Subscription Revenue

- Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time

In order to attract more merchants to join our online marketplace and Z-City, we invite agents, an individual or a merchant, to join the Zagent program and assist us in developing more merchants to join our merchant network. The agent subscription revenues primarily consist of fees charged to the agents in exchange for the right to introduce merchants to join our merchant network and earn a future fixed percentage of commission fee upon completion of each sales transaction between the referred merchants and their customers. As the agent subscription fee is non-refundable, agent subscription revenue is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations at the time an agent completes the Zagent program training and the remittance of payment of the subscription fee.

I.T Professional Service Revenue

- Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time

We also generate revenue from I.T professional service revenue which included server assembling and I.T consulting service where a separate contract is entered into with the customers. We bear a single performance obligation in the transaction of providing IT professional service to the customer. We recognize revenue upon completion of a service performed at a point in time when the single performance obligation is satisfied and we have the right to receive payment for the services rendered.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues sold mainly consist s of the purchases of the gift card or “E-voucher” pin code which is directly attributable to the sales of gift card or “E-voucher” pin code.

Research and development

Research and development expenses include salaries and other compensation-related expenses to our research and product development personnel, and related expenses for our research and product development team.

Income taxes

We account for income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP for income taxes. The charge for taxation is based on the results for the fiscal year as adjusted for items, which are non-assessable or disallowed. It is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of assessable tax profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.

An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

Treasure Global Inc. is incorporated in the State of Delaware and is required to pay franchise taxes to the State of Delaware on an annual basis.

We conduct much of our business activities in Malaysia and is subject to tax in its jurisdiction. As a result of its business activities, we will file separate tax returns that are subject to examination by the foreign tax authorities.

Comprehensive loss

Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under GAAP are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity but are excluded from net loss. Other comprehensive loss consists of a foreign currency translation adjustment resulting from us not using the U.S. dollar as its functional currencies.

Loss per share

We compute loss per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”. ASC 260 requires companies to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average ordinary share outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of the potential ordinary shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.

Convertible notes

We evaluate our convertible notes to determine if those contracts or embedded components of those contracts qualify as derivatives. The result of this accounting treatment is that the fair value of the embedded derivative is recorded at fair value each reporting period and recorded as a liability. In the event that the fair value is recorded as a liability, the change in fair value is recorded in the statements of operations as other income or expense.

In circumstances where the embedded conversion option in a convertible instrument is required to be bifurcated and there are also other embedded derivative instruments in the convertible instrument that are required to be bifurcated, the bifurcated derivative instruments are accounted for as a single, compound derivative instrument.

If the conversion features of conventional convertible debt provide for a rate of conversion that is below market value at issuance, this feature is characterized as a beneficial conversion feature ("BCF"). A BCF is recorded by us as a debt discount pursuant to ASC Topic 470-20 "Debt with Conversion and Other Options." In those circumstances, the convertible debt is recorded net of the discount related to the BCF, and we amortize the discount to interest expense, over the life of the debt.

Fair value measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The following summarizes the three levels of inputs required to measure fair value, of which the first two are considered observable and the third is considered unobservable:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The fair value for certain assets and liabilities such as cash, accounts receivable, inventories, other receivables and other current assets, prepayments, accounts payable, customers deposits, other payables and accrued liabilities have been determined to approximate carrying amounts due to the short maturities of these instruments. We believe that its bank loans and convertible notes approximates fair value based on current yields for debt instruments with similar terms.

Related parties

Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if we have the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for a discussion of recently issued accounting standards.

BUSINESS

Our Mission:

Our mission is to bring together the worlds of online e-commerce and offline physical retailers; widening consumer choice and rewarding loyalty, while sustaining and enhancing our earning potential.

Our Company

We have created an innovative online-to-offline (“O2O”) e-commerce platform business model offering consumers and merchants instant rebates and affiliate cashback programs, while providing a seamless e-payment solution with rebates in both e-commerce (i.e., online) and physical retailers/merchant (i.e., offline) settings.

Our proprietary product is an internet application (or “App”) branded “ZCITY App”, which was developed through our wholly owned subsidiary, Gem Reward Sdn. Bhd. (“GEM”). The ZCITY App was successfully launched in Malaysia in June 2020. GEM is equipped with the know-how and expertise to develop additional/add-on technology-based products and services to complement the ZCITY App, thereby growing its reach and user base.

Through simplifying a user’s e-payment gateway experience, as well as by providing great deals, rewards and promotions with every use, we aim to make the ZCITY App Malaysia’s top reward and payment gateway platform. Our longer-term goal is for the ZCITY App and its ever-developing technology to become one of the most well-known commercialized applications more broadly in Southeast Asia and Japan.

As of April 18, 2022, we had over 1,500,000 registered users and over 1,900 registered merchants.

Corporate Structure

Treasure Global, Inc. is a Delaware corporation that was incorporated on March 20, 2020. We issued 10,000,000 shares to Darren Tan, our founder and former Chief Executive Officer on July 1, 2020, who as a result became our sole shareholder. As of March 22, 2022, we had a total of 48 full time employees

Gem Reward Sdn. Bhd. (“GEM”), a Malaysia private limited company was incorporated on June 6, 2017. Prior to the incorporation of GEM, Darren Tan entered into a Beneficial Shareholding Agreement (“Beneficial Shareholding Agreement 1”) with two individuals, one of which is a vice president of the Company (the “Initial GEM Shareholders”), which provided for the Initial Shareholders to hold the GEM shares issued to them in equal amounts and for the sole benefit of Darren Tan and provided Darren Tan with control over the voting and disposition over such shares as well as control over the issuance of additional GEM shares in consideration for equity in a company that had not been determined on the date of Beneficial Shareholding Agreement 1. On November 10, 2020, Darren Tan instructed the Initial GEM Shareholders to issue 1 million additional GEM shares to shares to Sam Teo, currently our Chief Executive Officer, and as a result each Initial GEM Shareholder and Sam Teo held 1 million shares of GEM. On November 10, 2020 Sam Teo entered into a Beneficial Shareholding Agreement with Darren Tan with terms similar to Beneficial Shareholding Agreement 1 (“Beneficial Shareholding Agreement 2” and together with the Beneficial Shareholding Agreement 1, “Beneficial Shareholding Agreements”). As a result of Darren Tan’s 100% ownership of our common stock and the Beneficial Shareholding Agreements, TGI and GEM were both under the sole control of Darren Tan.

TGI and GEM were reorganized into a parent subsidiary structure pursuant to a Share Swap Agreement, dated March 11, 2021, as amended on March 11, 2021 among TGI, the Initial GEM Shareholders and Sam Teo (the “Share Swap Agreement”), in which TGI exchanged 321,585 shares of its common stock (the “Swap Shares”) for all equity of GEM. Pursuant to the Share Swap Agreement, the purchase and sale of the Swap Shares was completed on March 11, 2021, but the issuance of the Swap Shares did not occur until October 27, 2021 when TGI amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of its authorized common stock to a number that was sufficient to issue the Swap Shares. As a result of the Share Swap Agreement, (i) GEM became the 100% subsidiary of TGI and Darren Tan no longer had any control over GEM’s ordinary shares; and (ii) Darren Tan, the Initial GEM Shareholders and Sam Teo owned 100% of the TGI common stock (Darren Tan owning 97%). Subsequent to the date of the Share Swap Agreement, Darren Tan transferred 9,529,002 of his 10,000,000 shares of TGI common stock to 16 individuals and entities and currently owns less than 5% of our common stock.

We operate solely through GEM. GEM owns all intellectual property rights to copyrightable, patentable, and other protectable intangible assets relating to our business, including trademarks.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 276 5^th Avenue, Suite 704 #739, New York, New York 10001 and 45, Jalan USJ21/10 USJ 21 47640 Subang Jaya Selangor, Malaysia. Our corporate website address is https://treasureglobal.co. Our ZCITY website address is https://zcity.io.

Market Opportunity

We expect that continued strong economic expansion, robust population growth, rising level of urbanization, the emergence of the middle class and the increasing rate of adoption of mobile technology provide market opportunities for our Company in South East Asia (“SEA”). SEA is a large economy and, as of 2020, its gross domestic product (“GDP”) was US$3.08 trillion¹⁵. In comparison, the respective GDP for both the European Union (“EU”) and the United States (“US”) totaled US$15 trillion and US$20.89 trillion¹⁶ in 2020. SEA has experienced rapid economic growth rates in recent years, far exceeding growth in major world economies such as Japan, the EU and the US. According to the IMF, Malaysia’s GDP growth averaged more than 4.3% from 2016 to 2019, but contracted by 6.0% in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and is expected to average 5.7% growth for the next five years (including 2021).¹⁷ The GDP of Malaysia amounted to US$337 billion in 2020 and is projected to reach approximately US$500 billion by 2025.¹⁸

SEA continues to enjoy robust population growth. The United Nations Population Division estimates that the population of the SEA countries in 2000 was approximately 525 million people growing to 668 million in 2020. According to the World Bank, Malaysia had a population of approximately 32 million people in 2020 compared to 23 million people in 2000.¹⁹

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=MY

A high percentage of Malaysians have lived in cities for the last decade and that percentage is increasing. Since 2010,²⁰ Malaysia’s urbanization has increased from approximately 71% to approximately 77% in 2020. By comparison, in 2020 the urbanization rates for China, Vietnam and India were approximately 64%, 37% and 35%, respectively.²¹

Urbanization is highly correlated with the size and growth of the middle class. Simply put, urbanization drives middle class consumption demand. According to the World Bank, Malaysia is likely to transition from an upper-middle-income economy to a high-income economy between 2024 and 2028, a reflection of the country’s economic transformation development trajectory over past decades. In fact, Malaysia’s gross national income per capita is at US$11,200 according to latest estimates, only US$1,335 short of the current threshold level that defines a high-income economy.²³

And despite the ongoing effects from the Covid-19 pandemic, the Internet economy continues to boom in SEA. According to Google Temasek e-Conomy SEA 2021 Report (the “Google Report”), internet usage in the region increased with 40 million new users added in 2021 for a total of 440 million compared to 360 million in 2019 and 400 million in 2020.²⁴ Eighty nine percent of Malaysia’s population is now online, compared to approximately fifty six percent in 2010.²⁵ 81% and 80% of Malaysia and SEA’s internet users, respectively, have made at least one purchase online. E-commerce, online media and food delivery adoption and usage surged with the total value of goods and services sold via the Internet, or gross merchandise value (“GMV”), in SEA, expected to reach approximately US$170 billion by year end 2021 according to the Google Report. In fact, according to the Google Report, the SEA Internet sector GMV is forecast to grow to over US$360 billion by 2025 up from the $300 billion forecast in the Google, Temasek, Bain SEA Report 2020.²⁶

Malaysia’s internet economy has grown from $14 billion in 2020 to $21 billion in 2021 (47% growth) and is expected to grow to $35 billion in 2025.²⁷

As consumers in these markets that gradually shifting towards online platforms model, the total value of internet-based transactions has grown tremendously and is expected to keep doing so. According to the Google Report, total GMV of South Asia’s Internet economy is expected to skyrocket from US$174 billion in 2021 to US$363 billion in 2025.

We believe that these ongoing positive economic and demographic trends in SEA and South Asia propel demand for our e-commerce platform.

About the ZCITY App

SEA consumers have access to a plethora of smart ordering, delivery and “loyalty” websites and apps, but in our experience, SEA consumers very rarely receive personalized deals based on their purchases and behavior.

The ZCITY App targets consumers through the provision of personalized deals based on consumers’ purchase history, location and preferences. Our technology platform allows us to identify the spending trends of our customers (the when, where, why, and how much). We are able to offer these personalized deals through the application [of our proprietary] artificial intelligence (or “AI”) technology that scours the available database to identify and create opportunities to extrapolate the greatest value from the data, analyze consumer behavior and roll out attractive rewards-based campaigns for targeted audiences. We believe this AI technology is currently a unique market differentiator for the ZCITY App.

We operate our ZCITY App on the hashtag: “#RewardsOnRewards”. We believe this branding demonstrates to users the ability to spend ZCITY App-based Reward Points (or “RP”) and “ZCITY Cash Vouchers” with discount benefits at checkout. Additionally, users can use RP while they earn rewards from selected e-Wallet or other payment methods.

ZCITY App users do not require any on-going credit top-up or need to provide bank card number with their binding obligations. We have partnered with Malaysia’s leading payment gateway, IPAY88, for secure and convenient transactions. Users can use our secure platform and enjoy cashless shopping experiences with rebates when they shop with e-commerce and retail merchants through trusted and leading e-wallet providers such as Touch’n Go eWallet, Boost eWallet, GrabPay eWallet and credit card/online banking like the “FPX” (the Malaysian Financial Process Exchange) as well as more traditional providers such as Visa and Mastercard.

Our ZCITY App also provides the following functions:

Users may register as a ZCITY App user simply, using their mobile device. They can then verify their ZCITY App account by submitting a valid email address to receive new user “ZCITY Newbie Rewards”.

Based on users’ location, nearby merchants and exclusive offers are selected and directed to them on their homepage for a smooth, user-friendly interaction.

Our ZCITY App is affiliated with more than 5 local services providers such as Shopee and Lazada. The ZCITY App allows users to enjoy more rewards when they navigate from the ZCITY App to a partner’s website.

Users can access and pay utility bills, such as water, phone, internet and TV bills, while generating instant discounts and rewards points with each payment.

Users can purchase their preferred e-Vouchers with instant discounts and rewards points with each checkout.

Users can earn daily rewards by playing our ZCITY App minigame “Spin & Win” where they can earn further ZCITY RP, ZCITY e-Vouchers as well as monthly grand prizes.

Users can make cashless donations through our ZCITY App to the Kentang Charity, which we have collaborated with, or apply donations to other charitable entities.

ZCITY App offers a “Smart F&B” system that provides a one stop solution and digitalization transformation for all [registered] Food and Beverage (“F&B”) outlets located in Malaysia. It also allows merchants to easily record transactions with QR Digital Payment technology, set discounts and execute RP redemptions and rewards online on the ZCITY App.

By utilizing our CRM analytics software to attract and retain consumers through personalized promotions, we believe that data-driven engagement can be more efficiently harnessed to generate greater profitability.

Zstore is ZCITY App’s e-mall service that offers group-buys and instant rebate to users with embedded AI and big data analytics to provide an express shopping experience. The functionality and benefit of users to use the Zstore can be summarized within the chart below:

Buy Now, Pay Later (“BNPL”) is a value-added feature that is not yet operational, but which we intend to add to the ZCity App and launch during the fourth quarter of 2022. Any credit provided to users through BNPL will be provided by a third-party credit provider. Management is currently in the process of determining who would be an appropriate and regulatory compliant provider of such services. In no instance will we provide credit to our users.

Set out below is an illustration of some of our key partnerships by category:

Retail Merchant Agreements. We have retail merchant agreements with Morganfield’s Holdings Sdn. Bhd., Hui Lau Shan and the Alley which together own more than 100 offline food and beverage franchises in Malaysia. Each of these retail merchants have signed our standard retail merchant agreement which allow merchants to sell their products on the ZCity App for which we receive a commission ranging from 1% to 10% depending on the category of goods or services being purchased on the ZCity App. These agreements also provide that each party may use the intellectual property marks of the other party without charge. These agreements may be terminated by either party with 30 days’ notice.

Services Partners Agreements. We have service provider agreements with Coup Marketing Asia Pacific Sdn. Bhd. D/B/A Pay’s Gift and MOL Access Portal Sdn. Bhd. D/B/A Razor Gold in which Pay’s Gift and Razor Gold provide us with e-vouchers for use on the ZCity App that provide users with discounts on goods and services of many top multinational and lifestyle brands, including gas, clothing, fast food, movie theaters and others. We pay the service partner for the cost of the e-voucher plus a service fee. These contracts provide for the use by us of the trademarks of the service providers and may be terminated at any time with 30 days’ notice.

Local Strategic Partner Agreements. We have local strategic partner agreements with iPay88 (M) Sdn. Bhd. (“iPay88”), TNG Digital Sdn. Bhd. (“TNG”) and Public Bank Berhand (“Public Bank”). The agreements we enter into with these local strategic partners provide us with payment gateways (i.e. online “checkout” portals) used to enter credit card information for payment of goods and services.

The iPay88 agreement was entered into on August 6, 2021 and provides our users with payment gateways that include credit card processing, online banking services from certain banks in Malaysia and eWallet payment processing for certain brands for which iPay88 receives a fee ranging from 1.0% to 1.6% of the processed transaction depending on the credit card used or if the transaction is online banking or eWallet.

The TNG agreement was entered into on November 16, 2021 and provides our users with eWallet payment gateway services that will be accepted from January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022. TNG eWallet users on the ZCity App will also receive RM2.00 cash back vouchers from TNG (which can only be used on the ZCity App and certain other limitations apply) for each transaction of at least RM2.00. TNG provides cash back for up to 75,000 transactions and bill us monthly for the subsidy (up to RM150,000). The agreement provides for 75,000 eWallet transactions for which transactions for which iPay was entered into on August 6, 2021, but has no termination provision. We have entered into an extended agreement with TNG dated March 21, 2022 that is effective for the period beginning on April 1, 2022 and ending on June 30, 2022. The contract extension has the same material terms as the prior contract.

The Public Bank agreement was entered into on February 8, 2022 and commenced on March 1, 2022 and terminates on May 31, 2022. ZCity App users can win RM50 worth of ZCity cash back vouchers if the spend a minimum of RM50 using the Public Bank credit/debit card on the ZCity App. The 100 users with the highest spending during the effective time of the agreement are selected. These vouchers are funded by us. We have continuously entered into three-month agreement agreements with Public Bank since August 1, 2021 and fully expect to renew the current agreement.

Local Demands Agreements. We have local demand agreements with Digi Telecommunication Sdn. Bhd. (“Digi”) and ATX Distribution Sdn. Bhd. (“ATX”) which provide ZCity App users bill payment services.

The Digi agreement was entered on December 16, 2021 and provides our users with bill payment services for all of its telecommunication products and services to postpaid subscribers. We receive a commission from Digi of 0.5% for each transaction. ZCity App users may also use us Digi’s prepaid automatic internet payment service for which we receive a commission from Digi of 2.5% for each reload. The Digi agreement may be terminated by either party with 30 days’ notice.

The ATX agreement was entered into on November 8, 2021 whereby ATX and provides our users with bill payment services for many companies in Malaysia, including but not limited to, certain utilities, telecommunication companies, insurance companies, entertainment companies and charities. We receive a commission on each transaction from AXT at different rates depending on the company for which the bill is being paid. The ATX agreement may be terminated by either party with 30 days’ notice.

The Company has both direct and indirect relationships with merchants and service providers. In terms of the Company’s indirect relationships, through the Pay’s Gift agreement the Company is able to offer mobile e-vouchers for leading brands including SHELL, PUBG, Giant, Lotus, Lazada, Zalora and Watsons; while via the ipay88 agreement, the Company gains access to other e-wallet providers, such as Boost and Grabpay. Additionally, through the company’s agreement with ATX Distribution, it is able to gain access to bill payment services provided by Astro and Air Selangor.

Download ZCITY App

ZCITY App is free to download from the Google Play Store, Apple iOS Store, and Huawei AppGallery.

ZCITY Apps’s Reward Points Program

Operating under the hashtag #RewardsOnRewards, we believe the ZCITY App reward points program encourages users to sign up the app, as well as increasing user engagement and spending on purchases/repeat purchases and engenders user loyalty.

Furthermore, we believe the simplicity of the steps to obtaining Reward Points (or “RP”) is an attractive incentive to user participation in that participants receive:

The key objectives of our RP are:

RP are offered to users for increased social engagement.

RP incentivizes users with every MYR spent in order to increase the spending potential and to build users loyalty.

Drives loyalty and greater customer engagement. Every new user onboarded will get 200 RP as welcoming gift.

Rewards users with RP when they refer a new user.

Offline Merchant

When using our ZCITY App to make payment to a registered physical merchant, the system will automatically calculate the amount of RP to deduct. The deducted RP amount is based on the percentage of profit sharing as with the merchant and the available RP of the user.

Online Merchant

When using our ZCITY App to pay utility bills or purchase any e-vouchers, our system shows the maximum RP deduction allowed and the user determines the amount of discount deducted subject to maximum deductions described below and the number of RP owned by such user.

Different features have different maximum deduction amounts. For example, for bill payments, the maximum deduction is up to 3% of the bill amount. For e-vouchers, the maximum deduction is up to 5% of the voucher amount.

In order to increase the spending power of the user, our ZCITY App RP program will credit RP to the user for all MYR paid.

Merchant Facing Business

At present, our ZCITY merchants are concentrated in the F&B and lifestyle sectors. Moving forward, we plan to expand our product/service offering to include grocery stores, convenience stores, “micro-SME” (“small to medium size enterprises”) loan programs, affiliate programs and advertising agencies.

We believe that ZCITY’s Tazte Smart F&B System, which we plan to launch in the second quarter of 2022, will provide merchants with a one-stop automated solution to digitalize their business. It will offer an innovative and integrated technology ecosystem that addresses and personalizes each merchant’s technological needs and will be at the forefront of creating a smart consumer experience, thereby eliminating conventional and outdated standalone point of sale (or “POS”) systems.

Tazte will allow merchants to effortlessly record transactions with online payment or QR digital payment technology, set discounts and execute RP redemptions and rewards online, all via our ZCITY App. It utilizes ZCITY App’s CRM analytics software to attract and retain consumers through personalized, data-driven engagement to generate greater profitability.

Tazte Smart F&B System will also feature a ‘Deviceless Queue System’ that reduces staff headcount and a private domain delivery service that will allow merchants access to multiple dedicated delivery partners to ensure outstanding delivery service to consumers.

Marketing Strategy - Consumer

With the number of available apps for download from the world’s leading app stores totaling over four million, we believe that structured and innovative user marketing strategy is the only way to stand out in today’s app market. Aside from focusing on app development and building our app features properly, we believe we need to get our app featured on the leading platforms to most successfully extend our reach and user base.

We believe that our ZCITY App marketing strategy covers the user from when they first learn about our ZCITY App, to when they become a regular repeat user. The marketing strategy for the ZCITY App involves defining our target audience, learning how best to reach them, how best to communicate with them, and analyzing their “in-app” behavior to make continuous AI driven improvements as users move through the recruitment funnel.

Ultimately, the goal of our ZCITY App marketing strategy is to acquire users that will not only drive repeat engagement, but will also become loyal advocates for the ZCITY App.

At the initial launch of the ZCITY App in June 2020, we combined both online and offline strategies in branding and marketing, which we believed would effectively communicate our objectives, reaching a prospective target audience and turning that target audience into users of our ZCITY App.

Other than just user experience and features offered in the app itself, we believe consumers are choosing brands whose messaging, marketing and values go beyond the product, and have a potentially deeper meaning to the user. For example, they may consider brand trustworthiness and identity to be major influences on their market decisions. As a result, we have focused on building brand loyalty to drive on going marketing success, increase repeat users and attain greater market share.

In this regard, we have chosen to adapt various marketing strategies, such as re-targeting users and enticing current users to use our app on multiple occasions, by providing what users look for when they choose our app in order to increase engagement and retention. The diagram below reflects the strategies we engage in to promote marketing success and avoid missed opportunities.

We adopt a multi-pronged approach to user outreach through outdoor digital billboards, radio commercials, third party editorials and advertorials, social media postings on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, as well as the targeting of users through Google ads and direct email marketing to encourage downloads and promote various campaigns.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been very focused on reaching our target audience through digital media due to movement restrictions and retail closures. Advertisements especially on social media have become more routine.

Social media-based advertising can be very targeted, helping to convert new users into repeat users and building brand loyalty. We reach potential users based on criteria, including, among others, job title, interests, marital status, and recent locations. We believe that it is much easier to measure and optimize social media campaigns while they are active. If an advertisement isn’t producing expected results, we can suspend the campaign or reallocate funds on demand.

Another key media vehicle that we utilize is Universal App Campaign (or “UAC”) by Google. UAC helps promote our ZCITY App across Google’s largest properties including Google Search, Google Play Store, YouTube, and the Google Display Network. It combines information Google has on users’ tendencies and perceived intents outside of the app (such as what they have searched for, what other apps they have downloaded and what they watched on YouTube) with advertisers’ information on user actions in the app.

UAC then uses machine learning technology to make decisions for each ad by analyzing potential data signal combinations in real-time, including the platform where users are most likely to engage with our ad (such as YouTube or Gmail), the right ad format (whether video, text, or combination of the two) and keywords that will perform best for our marketing goals.

In addition, in order to obtain more accurate data for analysis, AppsFlyer SDK is installed in our ZCITY App, where it provides conversion data of user acquisition and retention campaigns. Through AppsFlyer SDK, we can monitor digital media activities to optimize our marketing budget. The data can be utilized and turned into actionable insights (to run campaigns and promotions which users are more favorable to) that will share our strategic and tactical business decisions, while boosting the ZCITY App brand presence.

Marketing Strategy - Merchants “6Cs” Strategy

In order to roll out our system, we plan to implement our 6Cs marketing strategy: clients, convenience, competition, consistency with creative content, corporate social responsibilities and credibility.

Clients (Soon-to-be F&B Owners). We have forecast potential merchants by category, which will enable us to create a marketing plan that will attract them by aligning our promotional content with their business interests and ideals. We will initiate advertisements that connect with their preferences and generate brand loyalty. We have developed “The PILOT” program where we plan offer prospective merchant F&B owners a free Tazte Smart F&B system to facilitate their O2O business.

Convenience. We plan to demonstrate the convenience provided by our ZCITY App by launching a digitalization initiative which can get a merchant up and running on our platform within 24 hours. We believe this strategy emphasizes the ease of onboarding potential merchants and the potential positive transformation of their business in the shortest amount of time.

Competition. To further differentiate our system from our competitors, we expect to identify, compare and discover issues within their business model of operations against our own business model. The “SWITCH 180” program is where we plan to offer F&B owners not only a free Tazte Smart F&B system, but we will also offer additional support such as artificial intelligence inventory management system and discount vouchers.

Consistency with Creative Content. We plan to maintain a consistent brand image across all our current marketing approaches with creative and innovative content. We strive to make our brand recognizable to stand out among competitors to increase brand awareness and recognition.

Corporate Social Responsibilities. We expect to integrate social and environmental concerns in our business operations to gain positive publicity and recognition and greater market exposure. For example, our “Love Delivery” program under Tazte will allow consumers to donate food through our merchant family to charitable establishments such as orphanages and senior centers and similar charitable organizations. Our “Green Oil” program will allow our merchants to contribute to zero pollution by recycling used cooking oil with one of our strategic partners.

Credibility. We expect to prove our credibility by presenting our expertise to potential merchants who are seeking alternative business strategies in the ever-expanding technological age. We believe that promoting a credible and reliable system for merchants will increase referrals and positive reviews. Our “Tazte Cares <3” program offers F&B owners free business operations “health checks” and offers troubleshooting solutions by introducing Tazte Smart F&B System into their business.

Revenue Model

ZCITY’s revenues are generated from a diversified mix of:

The revenue streams consist of “Consumer Facing” revenues and “Merchant Facing” revenues.

The revenue streams can be further categorized as following: (1) product and loyalty program revenue, (2) transaction revenue, (3) agent subscription revenue, and (4) I.T professional service revenue. Please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis ̶ Revenue Recognition”.

Our Competitive Strengths

Powerful, Unique and Integrated App. We have designed an application – the ZCITY App – which serves both consumers and merchants in ways that concurrently maximize value creation and enhance the shopping experience. Furthermore, through the application of our proprietary developed AI technology, we can offer consumers a more personalized and targeted rewards offering/experience.

Unique Loyalty Program. Operating under our hashtag #RewardsOnRewards, we believe our RP program increases user engagement and loyalty. Through consumer redemption and platform issuance of RP, we believe our system is advantageous to both consumers and merchants.

Attractive Markets. We currently operate in Malaysia, which according to the IMF is expected to average 5.7% GDP growth over the next five years. See “Business—Market Opportunity.”

As we scale our operations, we intend to expand to other countries in Southeast Asia, which possesses solid economic fundamentals, fast growing middle classes, favorable demographic trends and accelerating adoption of mobile technology.

Experienced Management Team. Our executives and directors combine decades of on-the-ground local e-commerce operations and social media marketing experience, as well as professional expertise in the global finance field.

Our Growth Strategy

Our main goal is focused on the recruitment of new consumers and the registration of as many Tazte merchants as possible in the most efficient way in the shortest amount of time. We believe that this approach establishes a cycle where more consumers lead to more merchants and more merchants lead to more consumers. External partnerships play an important part in our business, as we will continue sourcing more delivery partners to offer our merchants greater flexibility.

Consumer Growth. We strive to provide consumers with a smarter shopping experience from ordering to receiving goods and services as one seamless process. Our marketing efforts will focus on attracting consumers by awarding RP upon the execution of successful transactions (where they can redeem instant rebates).

Merchant Growth. We believe that our Tazte program is an example of an O2O platform focusing on transforming traditional ways of operating F&B business with digitalized smart ecosystems which better streamline merchant business operations and directly contribute to higher revenues. We feel Tazte has the potential for our ZCITY App to pioneer a generation of technologically astute “Smart Merchants”, effectively encouraging more merchants to join the technological trend. Apart from the technological advantages, merchants would be able to gain access to a significant consumer database of nearly 1 million registered users currently for their own brand marketing.

Partner Growth. We are continuously enhancing the ZCITY App through adding further strategic partnerships. We believe that collaborations will enable merchants and consumers to have more options to choose from and the delivery speed and rates related to transparency will benefit all parties.

Expansion Growth. With our proven systems and by leveraging our large network, leading technology, operational excellence, and product expertise, we expect the ZCITY App to launch and scale our expansion plans to neighboring countries such as Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan, by partnering with or acquiring local establishments.

Acquisition Growth. In order to complement our organic growth strategy, we will continue to evaluate investment and acquisition opportunities that will enable us to become market leaders. Our anticipated investments and acquisitions of other e-commerce platforms in different verticals are expected to expand our service offerings and attract new consumers and merchants. We expect negotiations with acquisition targets in the e-Commerce industries. Furthermore, we would expect to finance such acquisitions through internal and potential financings from the stock market.

Strategic Partnerships

We have entered into agreements with various Malaysian companies i.e.: TouchnGo e-wallet marketing, iPay88, Boost eWallet, Digi and Grabpay eWallet to provide essential services to our ZCITY App platform.

Strategic partnerships are vital to our strategy and operations, as they enable the ZCITY App to offer more value-added services to both our consumers and merchants. Through our partnerships, we intend to gain low-cost access to our partners’ users, where possible, to drive user conversion. Our marketing approach to acquire strategic partners focuses on the benefits of brand awareness, stressing the ability to access a larger pool of consumers and clients while reducing marketing expenses via joint marketing efforts like crossover marketing campaigns, digital marketing and affiliate programs.

Competitive Outlook

We compete with other online platforms and apps for merchants, who can sell their products/services on other online shopping marketplaces and other food ordering platforms. We also compete with other e-commerce platforms and apps, fashion and lifestyle retailers and restaurants for the attention of consumers. Consumers have the choice of shopping with any online or offline retailer, large marketplaces or restaurant chain. We compete for consumers and merchants based on our ability to deliver a personalized e-commerce experience with an easy-to-use mobile app, unique cross-business reward system, instant rebate & cashback, and a trusted payment gateway which is both secure and convenient.

Within the Malaysian market, we believe the principal competitors to the ZCITY App to include, but not limited to Fave, Shopback and EZ. We have set out below how we perceive the ZCITY App differentiates its offering from these competitors in the Malaysian market both downstream (services provided to consumers) and upstream (services provided to merchants).

The information with respect to Fave was obtained from Fave’s website at https://help.myfave.com/hc/en-us/articles/115000181194-How-do-I-pay-with-FavePay-

The information with respect to Shop Back was obtained from Shop Back’s website at https://support.shopback.my/hc/en-us/articles/360037382453-Is-there-a-payment-method-not-eligible-for-Cashback-

We expect to be able to successfully compete for merchants based on our unique cross-business reward system, reward points module, instant rebate and cashback program, upcoming new features, which we expect will build lasting customer loyalty for our merchants, as well as our personalized, data-driven approach to customer engagement, both of which ensure that our success is aligned with that of our merchants.

Intellectual Property Matters

Our technology and ZCITY App are comprised of copyrightable and/or patentable subject matter licensed by our Malaysian subsidiary, GEM. Our intellectual property assets include trade secrets associated with our software platform. We have successfully carried out development of our multilayer cloud-based software platform based upon our reliance on third parties for payment and reward points deployment. As a result, we can monetize our software by making it available in locations such as the Apple iOS Store, Google Play Store, Huawei AppGallery and compatible with existing payment systems depending on the country’s regulatory requirements. We are currently focusing on using our intellectual property in Malaysia and plan to expand further into Southeast Asia as part of our strategy. The loss of all of these third-party payment facilitators could not be easily replaced and therefore could materially affect our business and results of operations. 

Trademarks. GEM has filed one trademark application stylized as “” with the trademark offices of Malaysia. The name and mark, ZCITY App and other trade names and service marks of ZCITY in this prospectus are our property.

Patents. GEM has filed one patent application entitled “A Revenue Allocation System” with the Patents Registration Office of Malaysia.

We manage all our intellectual property matters in Malaysia including the registration of patents, trademarks, trade names, and service marks in the name of GEM, our subsidiary in Malaysia. While we have not delineated each of our trademarks, the foregoing constitute our material trademarks. Without prejudice to the generality of foregoing, GEM is, inter alia, the direct owner of the registered trademark “ZCITY” in connection with artificial intelligence software, electronic payment services, loyalty programs, SaaS platforms, and other subsets of our business.

Information Technology Protection. All of our software development professionals are required to sign and are bound by the IT Infrastructure, Security, Email, Intranet Usage Policy Manual (the “IT Policy Manual”), which governs use of our hardware, software, code, source code, data, computational data, screen data, analytics dashboards, data displayed on screens, emails, intranet and internet. This IT Policy Manual establishes standard practices and rules for responsible, safe, and productive use of our intellectual property, information and assets and is expected to ensure the protection of information and prevention of any misuse.

We have internally implemented the “Active Directory and VPN” to manage access to our assets in order to prevent any intentional or unintentional leaks of sensitive data, documentation or information, as well as to prevent users from installing irrelevant software or malware viruses.

Our ZCITY App’s server is hosted on the “Aliyun” cloud and is compliant with SOC2, which we believe securely manages our data across five aspects:

We have in place a “Disaster Recovery” (“DR”) initiative, which we rely on the “Aliyun” cloud facilities to ensure as described below:

The architecture diagram shows how “Aliyun” cloud architect is powered by distributed servers and database services across multiple zones to ensure disaster recovery on deployment across multiple data centers, once the Server Load Balancer (SLB) detects the primary unavailable then it will direct all traffic to other in-service data centers.²⁹

The controls for restricting user access to our system and data, include:

Litigation

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that we do not have any pending or threatened litigation which, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and/or cash flows.

Properties

We lease and maintain our offices at located at 276 5^th Avenue, Suite 704 #739, New York, New York 10001 and 45, Jalan USJ21/10 USJ 21 47640 Subang Jaya Selangor, Malaysia.

MANAGEMENT

The following are our executive officers and directors and their respective ages and positions as of March 22, 2022.

Voon Him “Victor” Hoo is our Chairman of the Board and Managing Director. Mr. Hoo is an investor, board member, venture capitalist with senior management experience and 15 years of cross continents experience that includes Asia, Australia, Europe, UK and US across diversified industries which encompasses IT, real estate, telecom, aerospace, security, defense, mining, HCM, fintech, blockchain, entertainment, hospitality and education. From 2013 to present Mr. Hoo has been the founder and executive chairman of V Capital Group (“VCG”), a business and technology consulting investment group. The group currently advises a portfolio of more than 30 public listed clients with total market capitalization in excess of $12 billion. From 2015 to 2017 Mr. Hoo was the Executive Chairman of the Pixie Group Limited, a consumer discretionary company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. From 2013 to 2018 Mr. Hoo was the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investor Relations Officer and Board member of Capital Investments Limited, an incubator fund manager. Mr. Hoo has a BA from University of Queensland in International Relations and Japanese; Postgraduate in Law from the University of London and an Oxford Blockchain Programme Certificate from Said Business School, Oxford University.

Chong Chan “Sam” Teo is our Chief Executive Officer and a Director. Mr. Teo is an experienced corporate strategist who has contributed to building high-performance teams through implementation of organizational innovation within multiple companies operating in the fintech and ecommerce fields. Prior to this role, Mr. Teo served as Chief Operations Officer of the Company from July 2020 to June 2021, where he, among other things, led sales and strategic business development. From March 2020 to June 2021, Mr. Teo was the Chief Executive Officer of GEM, leading GEM in strategic/tactical planning, forecasting, capital budgeting, and financial cost controls. Prior to that role, Mr. Teo served as Director of Business Development of GEM from May 2018 to February 2020, where he was in charge of sales and business development. From May 2016 to April 2018, Mr. Teo was the Managing Director of Modes Cube Sdn Bhd, leading its business delivery team. Mr. Teo earned a Bachelor’s degree in Quantity Survey from the Sheffield Hallam University in 2006, and received a Diploma in Quantity Survey from the Tunku Abdul Rahman College in 2004.

Su Chen “Chanell” Chuah is our Chief Operating Officer. From 2020 to present Ms. Chuah has been Chief Operating Officer for GEM. At GEM, Ms. Chuah has, among other things, lead project management ensuring exchange listing related matters are executed according to plan; maintained liaison with exchange listing advisors’ counterpart to ensure corporate compliance elements are taken care of within the organization; ensured alignment of business directions/communication among internal and external stakeholders with regards to overall organization goals and plans and also the proprietary product planning. From 2016 to 2021 Ms. Chuah was the Chief Operating Officer for World Cloud Ventures Sdn Bhd. At World Cloud, Ms. Chuah’s responsibilities were, among other things, project management for mobile app, i1happyhour; ensuring portal development, business development planning, marketing strategy planning and business readiness; leading the application of MSC status for the company under the product: i1happyhour and successfully getting the approval; project management for Loyalty Reward Program, Gem Reward, ensuring development of IT portal, business readiness, marketing readiness, business development, legal agreement matters and customer service and project management for e-commerce program, ze.la.fa covering the IT platform development, online seller recruitment, agreement preparation and customer service. Ms. Chuah earned a Bachelor’s of Business in Finance and Banking from Charles Stuart University in 2010.

Yee Fei “Jaylvin” Chan is our Chief Financial Officer. From 2020 to present Mr. Chan has been the Chief Financial Officer for GEM. At GEM Mr. Chan has, among other things, been a member of the involved in setting overall operational short- and long-term strategies and analyzing and reporting on trends, opportunities, risks and projections of future growth; lead the development and use of best-practice policies, practices, and tools that ensure a well-controlled yet flexible organization with strong fiscal management, project management, cross team communications and workflow and coordinated the development of the annual operating, capital, and program budgets, and reporting against the same. From 2019 to 2020 Mr. Chan was, among other things, the Group Finance Manager for Vettons Group of Companies. At Vettons, Mr. Chan supervised end-of-period processes and prepared an analysis of the periodical business performance, budgets, and forecasts and lead the Finance Department in the establishment of risk management procedures as well as the update of those procedures. From 2015 to 2019 Mr. Chan was a Vice President at TAEL Management. At TAEL, Mr. Chan was among other things, involved in several private equity investments, reported to Finance Director and advised the Investment Director on the structure of funding, strategies on the entering and exiting the deals and designed the valuation; and provided high level analytical support in areas of strategic financial importance. Mr. Chan is currently a Chartered Accountant registered with the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (MIA) and received a Bachelor’s degree in finance/accounting at University of Malaysia and is pursuing an MBA at the Open University of Malaysia.

Su Huay “Sue” Chuah is our Chief Marketing Officer. From March 2021 to present Ms. Chuah has been the Chief Marketing Officer for GEM. At GEM, her responsibilities have been, among other things, to set marketing goals to establish strategic direction and plan positioning; plan, implement and manage marketing strategies; and contribute to the overall development of the company. From 2017 to 2021 Ms. Chuah was the Branding & Communication Director for Click Internet Traffic Sdn Bhd. At Click, Ms. Chuah, among other things, participated in the development of the brand marketing strategies in order to establish strategic direction and program positioning; defined the departmental vision to instill it in all levels of the marketing department to make up part of the working culture and oversaw the brand planning process inclusive of the definition of target consumers and the development of marketing mix and strategies. From 2016 to 2017, Ms. Chuah was the Brand Manager for Click and her key responsibilities were, among other things, to oversee a wide array of business functions including branding, communication channels, product development, online and offline promotions, and market research; team management and support their efforts and report to higher level and to identify how the brand is currently positioned in the market and identify future trends. Ms. Chuah received a Bachelor’s degree in Mass Communication from Limkokwing University College of Creative Technology in 2005.

Chen Hoe “Samuel” Sam is our Chief Technology Officer. From 2018 to 2020 Mr. Sam was the Senior Technical Manager for ARB Development SDN Bhd. At ARB Development, Mr. Sam, among other things, established the company’s technical vision and lead all aspects of the company’s technological development; directed the company’s strategic direction, development and future growth and provided leadership to department to meet customer’s deadlines. In 2018 Mr. Sam was the Lead Programmer for World Cloud Ventures Sdn Bhd. At World Cloud. Mr. Sam, among other things, managed a team of programmers, to support and develop in-house software application; gathered requirements from management, and developed solutions; and embedded bidding feature for a membership mobile application. From 2017 to 2018 Mr. Sam was the Senior Manager for Tone Excel International Sdn Bhd. At Tone, Mr. Sam Managed internal MIS Team; worked with vendor to maintain in-house Hardware/Software/Network infrastructure; re-organized hosting server structure and removed redundant server; and worked with vendor to restructure current software framework to enable the System backbone support web application and mobile application. From 2015 to 2017, Mr. Sam was the Chief Technology Officer for Isynergy Universal Sdn Bhd. At Isynergy, Mr. Sam, among other things, setup an IT team to maintain and enhance their core business system (Software/Hardware); worked with CBO to carry out the new system development, integration and implementation; and worked with MIS Outsourcing Company to maintain in-house Hardware/Software/Email issue. Mr. Sam earned a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science/Information Technology in 2004 and a Graduate diploma of Computer Science/Information Technology in 2003.

Jau Long “Jerry” Ooi is our Vice President. From 2017 to present, Mr. Ooi has been the Managing Director of Ezytronic Sdn Bhd, where he leads business development. Prior to that role, Mr. Ooi served as Sales & Marketing Manager of Ezytronic Sdn Bhd, where he was in charge of sales structure, marketing strategy, and team development. Mr. Ooi received a Diploma of Computer Science/Information Technology in 2002.

Joseph R. “Bobby” Banks is a Director. Mr. Banks is a seasoned financial services executive. He previously worked in the New York and London offices of Goldman Sachs in the Corporate Finance, Mergers & Acquisitions and Communications, Media & Entertainment investment banking departments. Upon leaving Goldman Sachs, Mr. Banks joined JP Morgan Chase in their London Office as a Managing Director and Head of the Telecom and Media investment banking business in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”). He subsequently ran the Equity Capital Markets business for JP Morgan Chase also in EMEA. Mr. Banks has also worked in venture capital from 2014 to 2017 serving as Group Chief Financial Officer, Member of the Investment Committee, Chief Investor Relations Officer and Executive Board Member of Mountain Partners AG, a Zurich based venture capital firm. Since 2017, Mr. Banks has been an independent financial and strategy advisor to a number of companies across industries. Mr. Banks has a BA in Government from Dartmouth College and an MBA in Finance from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.

Marco Baccanello is a Director. Mr. Baccanello is an experienced corporate finance executive with expertise in advising companies operating in a broad range of industries, particularly within the technology space, in early to late-stage financings, growth strategy and strategic disposals, restructurings and acquisitions. In addition, he has experience in the preparation of the listing and initial public offering documents for companies on NASDAQ and international exchanges, with an emphasis on funding requirements and regulatory filings. Mr. Baccanello also has developed acquisition and marketing strategies for multiple digital opportunities, focusing on content published to app stores, including rapidly growing digital businesses in the technology and gaming space. From 2016 to present, Mr. Baccanello is a member of the Corporate Development team where he leads and manages business plan developments. Prior to that role, he was the Chief Financial Officer of PlayJam from 2010 to 2016, where he planned, implemented and managed all the finance activities, including business planning, budgeting, forecasting and negotiations. Mr. Baccanello’s experience as a former chartered accountant at PricewaterhouseCoopers and director of a private equity firm, specifically his expertise in managing growth businesses within the services, media and technology industries, make him a qualified director to serve on our Board. Mr. Baccanello earned a Bachelor’s degree in Economics at the University of Southampton.

Jeremy Roberts is a Director. Mr. Roberts is an experienced Corporate Financier with track-record of sourcing, structuring and negotiating and completing complex M&A deals and financings across a broad range of sectors and geographies. From 2013 to present Mr. Roberts has been the founder and Director of J and L Roberts Advisors in London, UK., a corporate consultancy firm. At J and L, Mr. Roberts has, among other things, advised family owners, High Net Worth Individuals, corporate and private equity groups on growth strategies and expansion; structuring and raising capital for various business ventures; as well as M&A assignments.  From 2013 to 2014 he was the Managing Director and consultant for i76 Sp Zoo in Warsaw, Poland.  At i76, he completed Ipopema 76’s first acquisition: Impress Group from Constantia Industries and worked on post-acquisition and separation matters to post-acquisition optimize internal group structure.  From 2011 to 2013 Mr. Roberts was a Principal at Corven Corporate Finance in London, UK. From 2002 to 2011, Mr. Roberts was a Director of Lansdowne Capital, an investment banking boutique, where he originated and executed transactions within the broader industrials sector.  Between 2000 and 2002, Mr. Roberts was a Vice President in the investment banking division of Credit Suisse in London. Mr. Roberts earned a BSc in Economics and Politics from University of Bath in 1994.

Code of Ethics

Our Board plans to adopt a written code of business conduct and ethics (“Code”) that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. We intend to post on our website a current copy of the Code and all disclosures that are required by law in regard to any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Code.

Board Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight

Our Board has responsibility for the oversight of our risk management processes and, either as a whole or through its committees, regularly discusses with management our major risk exposures, their potential impact on our business and the steps we take to manage them. The risk oversight process includes receiving regular reports from board committees and members of senior management to enable our Board to understand our risk identification, risk management, and risk mitigation strategies with respect to areas of potential material risk, including operations, finance, legal, regulatory, cybersecurity, strategic, and reputational risk.

Board of Directors

Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our Board. Our Board consists of [*] directors, [none] of whom qualify as “independent” under the listing standards of Nasdaq.

Directors serve until the next annual meeting and until their successors are elected and qualified. Officers are appointed to serve until their successors have been elected and qualified.

Director Independence

Our Board is composed of a majority of “independent directors” as defined under the rules of Nasdaq. We use the definition of “independence” applied by Nasdaq to make this determination. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(a)(2) provides that an “independent director” is a person other than an officer or employee of the company or any other individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the Company’s Board, would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. The Nasdaq listing rules provide that a director cannot be considered independent if:

Under such definitions, our Board has undertaken a review of the independence of each director. Based on information provided by each director concerning his background, employment and affiliations, our Board has determined that [*] is an independent director of the Company. However, our common stock is not currently quoted or listed on any national exchange or interdealer quotation system with a requirement that a majority of our Board be independent and, therefore, the Company is not subject to any director independence requirements.

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our Board has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee. Our Board has not yet adopted procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the Board. The composition and responsibilities of each of the committees of our Board is described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until as otherwise determined by our Board.

Audit Committee

We have established an audit committee consisting of Marco Baccanello, Bobby Banks and Jeremy Roberts. Marco Baccanello is the Chairman of the audit committee. In addition, our Board has determined that Marco Baccanello is an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of Item 407(d) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. The audit committee’s duties, which are specified in our Audit Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to:

The audit committee is composed exclusively of “independent directors” who are “financially literate” as defined under the Nasdaq listing standards. The Nasdaq listing standards define “financially literate” as being able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company’s balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.

In addition, the Company intends to certify to Nasdaq that the committee has, and will continue to have, at least one member who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience or background that results in the individual’s financial sophistication.

Compensation Committee

We have established a compensation committee of the Board to consist of Bobby Banks, Jeremy Roberts and Marco Baccanello, each of whom is an independent director. Each member of our compensation committee is also a non-employee director, as defined under Rule 16b-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and an outside director, as defined pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Code. Bobby Banks is the chairman of the compensation committee. The compensation committee’s duties, which are specified in our Compensation Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to:

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

We have established a nominating and corporate governance committee consisting of Jeremy Roberts, Bobby Banks and Marco Baccanello. Jeremy Roberts is the Chairman of the nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee’s duties, which are specified in our Nominating and Corporate Governance Audit Committee Charter, include, but are not limited to:

Family Relationships

Su Chen “Chanell” Chuah, our Chief Operating Officer and Su Huay “Sue” Chuah, our Chief Marketing Officer are sisters.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

Except as disclosed below, to our knowledge, none of our current directors or executive officers has, during the past ten (10) years:

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The following table illustrates the compensation paid by the Company to its executive officers. The disclosure is provided for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2021.